The study examined Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) mandate and infrastructural protection in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the extent to which Surveillance activities of NSCDC, arrest and seizure activities of NSCDC and NSCDC prosecution impact on infrastructural protection in Cross River State, Nigeria. Literature was reviewed on the specific variables while two theories were employed- Relative deprivation theory and Structural Strain Theory. The Ex Post Facto design was employed while sample of 400 was proposed but after the field survey, 392 instruments were retrieved and used for analysis. The multi-stage sampling procedure with the help of a purposive and simple random sampling procedure were used in. Choosing or selecting nine local government areas across the eighteen local government area of Cross River State, that is three in each senatorial district. Three research instruments used were questionnaire, Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion. The multiple linear regression statistical tool was used for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance. From the analysis, findings revealed that, Surveillance activities of NSCDC, arrest and seizure activities of NSCDC, and NSCDC prosecution have a significant impact on infrastructural protection in Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings, several recommendations were made and one of such is that, for effective surveillance and patrol, government need to provide security or surveillance vehicles for patrol around public infrastructure so as the get the protected against vandals. It was concluded that a NSCDC as a security agency has recorded significant impact like their sister agencies like the Nigerian Police and paramilitary outfits that existed before them. It could be seen that, the abysmal failure of successive administrations in Nigeria to address National security challenges and challenges of sustainable development such as poverty, unemployment and inequitable distribution of wealth among ethnic nationalities, ultimately resulted to anger, agitation and violent crimes against the Nigerian state by some individuals and group.