This research addresses AI ethical challenges by drawing upon Bayt al-Hikma experience in Baghdad (8th-13th centuries) as a historical model successfully balancing scientific innovation with ethical responsibility. The research problem lies in the absence of a comprehensive ethical framework guiding AI development, despite increasing risks to privacy, justice, and human dignity. The research poses the central question: How can Islamic ethical principles established by Islamic civilization guide contemporary AI?
The study employed a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology examining 54 references (44 Arabic, 10 English) from primary historical sources (Ibn al-Nadim, al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, al-Mas'udi) and contemporary technology ethics studies. It included historical analysis of Bavt al-Hikma. examination of Islamic ethical principles (Maqasid al-Shari'ah, jurisprudential rules), and comparison between Islamic scientific methodology and AI mechanisms.
The research revealed key findings: First, Bayt al-Hikma was an integrated scientific institution (translation, research, authorship) with precise organizational structure and scientific method based on experimentation, observation, and criticism; its achievements contributed to founding new sciences (algebra, optics, experimental chemistry) that transferred to Europe and formed the basis of the European Renaissance. Second, Muslim scholars adhered to a strict ethical system: good intention, non-harm, scientific integrity, social responsibility, and preservation of human dignity, considering science a trust and responsibility, not an absolute right. Third, methodological similarities exist between Bayt al-Hikma and AI (information processing, learning from data classification, prediction), but Bayt al-Hikma maintained the human and ethical dimension as an integral part of scientific work. Fourth, six Islamic principles (preserving life and dignity, justice and equality, good intention and excellence, responsibility and accountability, preventing harm over seeking benefit, preserving intellect and free will) provide a coherent ethical framework applicable to AI.
The research offers 10 practical recommendations at five levels: policy (adopting Islamic ethical frameworks, enacting balanced legislation), institutional (establishing multidisciplinary advisory committees, specialized research centers), educational (integrating Al ethics in curricula, developer training programs), research (encouraging interdisciplinary research, directing investments toward priority applications), international (strengthening Islamic cooperation, participating in global dialogue).
The research demonstrates that Islamic civilizational heritage offers a rich model for integrating innovation with ethics, and that Islamic principles can guide Al toward serving humanity and preserving dignity, reflecting Islamic thought's capacity for effective contribution to shaping a more just and humane technological future.