Abstract

Bosanska Krupa is a town (with about 11,500 inhabitants) located in the extreme northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city is situated in the valleys of the rivers Una and Krušnica, at the foot of the hills Hum and Stari grad (Geographic coordinates: 44º53'05.70''N, 16º09'18.82''E, elevation: 158). Archaeological findings confirm the presence of people in this area since prehistoric times. In the wider area of Bosanska Krupa, there are still remains of castles (Kekića glavica near Zelin, Obala near Mali Radić, the village of Suvaja). This area was inhabited by Celts and Illyrians (Japodi tribe) who were conquered by the ancient Romans in 35 BC, and included this area in their province of Dalmatia. At the site of Gromila in the village of Ljusina, remains of Roman buildings and objects of use, as well as graves of Roman soldiers with Roman money, were found. After the fall of the Roman Empire (476), this area became part of the Western Roman Empire. During the 5th, 6th, and 7th centuries, this area was exposed to the attacks of the Goths, Byzantines, Avars, and Slavs. In the Middle Ages, this area was ruled by Hungarians and Croats within their separate or common states. Thus, in the 10th century, the parish of Pset was mentioned in this area, and from the 13th century, the parish of Krupa. The construction of the fortress on the hill called Grad dates back to the 13th century. In the period (1410-1429), Krupa had the status of a royal town, which was managed by castellans on behalf of the Hungarian king. Later, the Hungarian king gave the city to Frederick II (Frederick of Celje, 1379-1454), and since 1456 it has been owned by Martin Frankopan. In the period (1463-1490) Krupa was in the direct possession of the Ukarian rulers. Since 1490, the town has been ruled by János Corvin (1473-1504), after which Krupa (along the way) became a royal town. Krupa became part of the Ottoman Empire after Kara-Mustafa Paša Sokolović occupied (1565) the fortress in Krupa, where it remained until 1878, when the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, after the Congress of Berlin, received the right to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the end of the First World War (1918), Krupa became part of the newly founded state, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (since 1929, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). During the Second World War, Krupa was part of the Independent State of Croatia, and after the end of the war, it was part of the newly founded state, FNRJ/SFRJ.

The Bosanska Krupa town is presented in this paper as a 'case study' in which the author's theory of Architecturally Defined Space (ADS) is tested.