Abstract

Epigenetic adaptation practices are defined as regulations that change gene expression in the cell independent of the DNA sequence. Gene expression levels of stress environmental factors such as nutrition, light wavelength, temperature and sound are improved by epigenetic adaptations. These improvements are not passed on to future generations. Epigenetic applications are adaptations such as the lighting in different colors, hot-cold shock, different sound wavelengths and feeding in poultry during the embryonic development period. Thanks to the thermal stress and environmental manipulations performed during embryonic periods, it is ensured that it gains the ability to adapt in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axes. Poultry can perceive colors in the 350-700 nm wavelength range. Long wavelengths reach the hypothalamus much faster than short wavelengths. These light wavelength applications affect efficiency and performance. In the embryonic period, the structure of the auditory brain such as papilla, cochlea, nucleus magnocellularis, anteroventral cochlear nucleus, nucleus angularis, dorsal cochlear nucleus, nucleus laminaris, medial superior olive, optic tectum, superior colliculus develops. The auditory perception of the sound applied in this period is ensured, when it is heard later, the auditory recognition of the emergence by the activation of the auditory nerve fibers. These adaptations provide the ability to cope with the thermal stress encountered in adulthood. In this study, information is given about the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, light and sound wavelength on the epigenome and the transmission mechanisms and relationships of these effects across generations.