Human trafficking is a significant social issue in India, often driven by poverty. It is crucial to distinguish between trafficking and prostitution, as the former involves commercial exploitation. This research aims to explore the causes of trafficking, analyze relevant constitutional provisions, and assess the importance of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act in addressing trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. An explorative research methodology is employed, relying on secondary sources such as reports and articles from national and international journals. The study delves into the objectives and provisions of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, which seeks to curb the harm and criminal activities associated with trafficking. While the Act endeavours to address the issue, there is concern that it may inadvertently treat victims of trafficking harshly rather than providing them the support they need. This article sheds light on the complexities surrounding the Act's effectiveness in protecting those vulnerable to exploitation and the challenges in achieving its intended objectives. Through an in-depth analysis of relevant data and information, this research seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation, advocating for a comprehensive and compassionate approach to combating these reprehensible crimes effectively.