Edible nuts/kernels in Nigeria have been of great importance over the years; they have been a good source of food (usually consumed as snacks), useful in the treatment of ailments, are crucial to the farmers' economic survival, and contributed immensely to the country’s economic growth. If properly processed and utilized, nut/kernels in Nigeria could employ more than half of the youth population and cause rapid growth in the nation's GDP. This review summarizes available data and information from the scientific literature on the processing and use of edible nuts/kernels in Nigeria. Additionally, the nutritional value, economic importance, and income generation potential of the nuts/kernels were also discussed. Despite the use and enormous income generation potential, many farmers are still not aware of the economic importance of edible nuts/kernels. Creation of awareness by extension workers by organizing programs to enlighten farmers on the advantages of cultivating and investing in edible nuts/kernels.