Dye is a coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments, which do not chemically bind to the material to which they impart colour. The aim of this research is to extract, purify, characterize, and optimize dyeing conditions on cotton fabric. The extraction of dye from turmeric root powder shows that, 50 g of turmeric root powder produces a yield of 24%. The standard method was used to scout 1.7g, which is equivalent to (4x2cm) of cotton fabric. The weight of the cotton fabric was observed to decrease. This was attributed to the removal of impurities such as gum, wax, and other colorants. The mordanting of the cotton fabric was observed to increase the weight of the fabric. This is because the mordant attaches itself to the fabric. The optimum concentration for dyeing using turmeric root dye extract is 2.0 g/dm³. The ideal dyeing time and temperature are 60 minutes and respectively. The colour fastness of optimally dyed fabric to washing and rubbing exhibits a good fastness, which is highly acceptable. An attempt should be made to improve the fastness properties of dyed fabric by varying the mordant concentration as well as using different mordant.