China is the most populated nation and needs to produce enough food just to meet the demand of its 1.4 billion inhabitants. Agriculture dominated most of the pre-industrial history in China. China’s land is highly employed for agriculture. Since China needs to feed the largest population on earth, the Chinese government attaches great importance to agriculture. Throughout China's history, its relative lack of arable land has been a challenge. China is the largest producer of rice, wheat, soybeans, cereals, cotton, fruits, vegetables, meat, poultry, eggs, and fish in the world. China will implement a national plan on modernization of agriculture and rural areas. This paper introduces the reader to the practice of agriculture in China.