Abstract

The study utilized a discriminant function matrix to analyze landcover transitions and employed an artificial neural network model to predict future changes. The prediction indicates that by 2040, the built-up area is expected to grow further to 73.31%, covering 5062.13 hectares, while vegetation and open spaces are projected to decrease to 17.81% and 3.56%, respectively. Water bodies are predicted to decrease to 4.93%, and sand areas to 0.38%. These findings underscore the significant impact of urbanization on Onitsha's landscape, highlighting the need for sustainable urban planning and environmental conservation. The reduction in green areas and open spaces calls for the implementation of green infrastructure and conservation measures to mitigate adverse environmental effects. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners to develop strategies that balance urban growth with environmental preservation, ensuring sustainable development in Onitsha and its environs.