This study examines the concept of ownership in fiqh muamalah from a sharia perspective and its implications in modern economics. In Islamic economics, ownership is not just an individual right to an object, but also involves social responsibility and sharia provisions that regulate its use and utilization. This concept is very important given the increasingly complex market dynamics, technological developments, and globalization. This research uses a comparative method by comparing the concept of ownership in fiqh muamalah with theories of ownership in conventional economics. The results show that the integration of the Islamic concept of ownership into the modern economic system can improve justice and efficiency in resource distribution, as well as ensure the sustainability of resource use. The findings provide practical guidance for policy makers, economic practitioners, and academics in managing property rights in accordance with sharia principles.