Abstract

In order to shed light on the subsurface structure and tectonic dynamics of the Calabar Flank, this study presents an integrated analysis of the gravity and geoidal anomalies within the area. Geoidal anomalies varied from extremely low (18.44 to 19.24 m) to extremely high (21.13 to 22.09 m), and gravity anomaly results were classified into five separate ranges, from extremely low (-48.34 to -15.73 mGal) to extremely high (29.82 to 65.55 mGal). Processes like crustal uplift, sedimentary basin formation, and crustal extension can be inferred from the noticeable variations in subsurface density shown by these anomalies. Areas of significant crustal thinning and sedimentary accumulation are highlighted by very low gravity and geoidal anomalies; these features are crucial for hydrocarbon exploration. Transitional zones serve as buffers against tectonic stress, and moderate anomalies indicate these zones. Anomalies in the high to very high range indicate uplift and crustal thickening in certain regions, most likely caused by compressional forces. The results provide important information for hydrocarbon exploration, tectonic monitoring, and risk assessment in the study area, and they help fill gaps in our knowledge about the Calabar Flank's tectonic history.