Islamic education in Indonesia has undergone many transformations, one of which is the influence left by Dutch colonial policies. The policies implemented by the colonial government regarding Islamic education played an important role in shaping the framework of Islamic education post-independence. Through an analysis of Islamic education policies during the colonial era, this research aims to explore the long-term impacts on the education system in Indonesia after independence. This article discusses four main aspects, namely (1) Islamic education policies by the colonial government, (2) the establishment of Islamic schools during the colonial period, (3) the influence of colonial policies on Islamic education post-independence, and (4) the relevance and challenges of Islamic education in Indonesia in a modern context. The results of this research indicate that despite significant obstacles posed by colonial policies, Islamic education continued to develop and made significant contributions to the Indonesian education system after independence.