India is a prominent emerging nation in the field of renewable energy generation, particularly regarding solar and wind power. The landscape of renewable energy in India, especially in solar and wind technologies, is influenced by a mix of scientific research, innovative policy-making, and evolving trends. Moving towards an economy powered by renewable energy is one of the most vital objectives for sustainability. This study is driven by the necessity to enhance the role of renewable energy technologies by tackling the challenge of sustainability, meeting energy needs while reducing environmental harm. The research employs an innovation system framework to explore the important roles, relationships among various actors and stakeholders, and the nature of knowledge development within the solar and wind energy technology innovation ecosystem. This research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative data. The findings reveal that India ranks fifth and sixth in terms of scientific publications related to solar and wind energy, respectively. Concurrently, there has been a notable increase in the outcomes of renewable energy research following the launch of several missions and the establishment of ambitious targets or policies in the sector.