The study thought in-depth knowledge of the key factors that account for poverty in Mogadishu, Somalia as to contribute to a more focused targeting of programmers for the poor. The research objectives were to identify the key determinants of poverty and to derive policy implications for poverty alleviation in Mogadishu, Somalia, With the primary data from the survey, the study used econometric analysis where regression models were fitted and used to analyses the key determinants of poverty in Mogadishu, The Study involved a comprehensive social economic survey of the living standards of the households in Mogadishu. It provides information on household consumption, income of household head, household size, education level of household head, health status of household head and mortality. It therefore provided a strong base for establishing the determinants of poverty in Mogadishu, the survey revealed that Northern Mogadishu was found to be the poorest part of the region. It has the largest depth of poverty and worst inequality. It is characterized by the poor having large household sizes, least education, and highest concentration in slum areas. The education level of household head, household size, health status of household head and access to credit were found to be the significant determinants of poverty at multivariate levels. The broad policy recommendation identified five principle elements or objectives of a poverty reduction strategy for Somalia. These include Reduced numbers of dependents in households, Investments in education, Efforts to stimulate entrepreneurship and diversification of economic activity from agriculture to other sectors, Adoption of measures to raise agricultural productivity and Improved access to health care.