Abstract

In recent years, the healthcare sector has increasingly focused on improving supply chain transparency, particularly in pharmaceuticals. Drug traceability has become a critical concern due to rising counterfeit medicines, fraud, and inefficiencies in traditional supply chains. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, offers a promising solution to these challenges. This article explores how blockchain can enhance drug traceability, improve transparency, and address issues such as fraud and inefficiency in pharmaceutical supply chains. By ensuring the integrity of drug transactions from manufacturer to end-user, blockchain has the potential to transform healthcare supply chains. The paper also discusses the technological, regulatory, and practical challenges of implementing blockchain and highlights future trends shaping its integration into global healthcare systems.