Abstract

Today, global climate change is becoming increasingly severe. In response to this challenge, the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has initiated a revolution in the energy sector, prompting countries to intensify their efforts toward achieving carbon neutrality. Within this context, the concept of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance), introduced by the United Nations in 2004, has gained significant attention from the public, governments, investors, and enterprises alike. It has gradually emerged as a critical factor influencing corporate reputation, investment appeal, market positioning, and even export performance.

Moreover, numerous countries and regions are implementing stricter regulations related to ESG compliance that require companies to adhere to specific standards concerning environmental protection, social responsibility, and governance transparency. For import-export enterprises, these policy shifts may present enhanced export opportunities alongside reduced compliance costs. However, successfully navigating the wave of green development and innovation is essential for their future growth.

Research indicates that strong ESG performance can significantly enhance firms' export outcomes. This effect can be realized through an increase in financing constraints; further studies reveal that the impact of ESG on export performance is particularly pronounced among non-state-owned enterprises and high-tech firms.