Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in the pursuit of sustainable energy development, offering innovative solutions to optimize energy generation, enhance efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions. This review explores the diverse applications of AI in sustainable energy systems, including renewable energy forecasting, smart grid management, demand-side optimization, decentralized energy trading, and carbon mitigation strategies. AI-driven algorithms enable accurate predictions of solar and wind energy production, improve energy storage management, and facilitate the operation of microgrids and virtual power plants. Furthermore, AI enhances energy efficiency through predictive maintenance, real-time consumption monitoring, and intelligent demand response mechanisms. Despite its potential, the integration of AI in sustainable energy systems presents several challenges. Data availability and quality remain critical barriers, as energy sectors often lack standardized and interoperable datasets. Additionally, the high computational costs of AI models, cybersecurity risks in smart grids, and ethical concerns regarding AI decision-making pose significant obstacles to widespread adoption. Regulatory frameworks governing AI implementation in the energy sector are still evolving, requiring further policy interventions to ensure responsible and effective deployment. Looking ahead, advancements in AI algorithms, improved energy system integration, and AI-driven circular economy initiatives offer promising opportunities for sustainable energy development. Collaborative efforts among governments, industries, and research institutions are essential to harness AI’s full potential while addressing its limitations. This review highlights the need for interdisciplinary research, policy development, and investment in AI-driven sustainable energy solutions to achieve global energy transition goals. As AI continues to evolve, its role in optimizing energy use, reducing environmental impact, and fostering a more resilient and sustainable energy ecosystem will be pivotal in shaping the future of energy systems worldwide.