Abstract

The Nigerian manufacturing sector is pivotal to the nation’s economic development but remains plagued by a high prevalence of occupational illnesses, which are exacerbated by poor ergonomics and inadequate health surveillance systems. This study proposes a conceptual model for integrating ergonomics and health surveillance to mitigate occupational illnesses, improve workplace safety, and enhance employee productivity. The model emphasizes the synergy between ergonomic interventions and health surveillance strategies to identify, monitor, and address risk factors contributing to work-related illnesses. The proposed framework comprises three core components: ergonomic risk assessment, real-time health surveillance, and intervention management. Ergonomic risk assessment involves evaluating workplace conditions, tasks, and tools to identify physical and cognitive stressors that compromise workers' health. Real-time health surveillance integrates digital technologies, such as wearable devices and IoT-enabled sensors, to monitor physiological and environmental parameters, providing early detection of potential health risks. Intervention management utilizes data-driven decision-making to implement targeted ergonomic and medical interventions, supported by periodic training and stakeholder engagement to sustain long-term improvements. The model also highlights the role of regulatory frameworks and organizational policies in creating an enabling environment for its adoption. A multi-disciplinary approach involving industrial engineers, occupational health professionals, and policymakers is proposed to facilitate seamless implementation. This integration ensures a holistic response to occupational health challenges, bridging the gap between ergonomics and health surveillance practices. Preliminary application of the conceptual model through case studies in selected Nigerian manufacturing companies has demonstrated its potential to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory conditions, and stress-induced illnesses. Moreover, the framework promotes employee well-being and operational efficiency, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8, which advocates for decent work and economic growth. The findings from this study provide a foundation for developing industry-specific guidelines and national policies that prioritize ergonomics and health surveillance. Future research will explore scalability and adaptability to other sectors.