The release of treated nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean has sparked serious ecological and public health concerns. This research highlights the socio-ecological vulnerabilities of nuclear waste discharges on marine ecosystems and human communities, specifically concentrating on the Fukushima incident. For the purpose, a literature based research was conducted for examining the spreading of radionuclides in marine ecosystems and their gatherings in Human food chain, creating a big hindrances in society as well as health risks to living organisms. Besides that, a general perception from local respondents were also highlighted as a touch to gather information regarding the awareness. The findings indicate that increased volumes of discharged water correlate with worsening conditions in health, environment, social stability, and marine life, underscoring the need for stringent international regulations and effective environmental management. Furthermore, the study highlights that radionuclides such as tritium and carbon-14 pose persistent ecological and health risks due to their long-term presence and bio accumulative properties. In conclusion, the Fukushima seemed to be the example of continuing and complicated disaster on both human life as well as marine ecosystem. Therefore, the study recommends that the reinforced policy frameworks are necessary for preserving high safety standards, ensuring international accountability, and fostering public trust while adhering to global best practices in nuclear safety and environmental protection.