Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional logistics and delivery models, prompting a shift toward more innovative and efficient solutions in the last-mile delivery sector. This paper examines the role of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming last-mile delivery systems, focusing on a dual-continent framework that explores their adoption in both developed and emerging economies. The literature review synthesizes key findings regarding the impact of the pandemic on delivery systems, highlighting how robotics, such as drones and autonomous vehicles, alongside AI technologies like route optimization and demand forecasting, have been leveraged to enhance delivery efficiency. The review also delves into regional differences in technology adoption, analyzing challenges and opportunities specific to advanced and developing markets. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for business practices and policymaking, emphasizing the need for clear regulatory frameworks and infrastructure development. It identifies gaps in the current research, particularly concerning the long-term sustainability, employment impact, and potential for further technological innovation in last-mile delivery. This paper contributes valuable insights into the future trajectory of last-mile delivery systems and provides directions for further research to address existing gaps.