This review proposes a conceptual model for mentorship-driven academic success and retention in diverse college populations, focusing on the importance of mentorship in improving student outcomes in higher education. The increasing diversity in college populations, including first-generation students, minority groups, and international students, presents both challenges and opportunities for academic institutions. These students often face unique barriers, including socio-economic disparities, cultural differences, and lack of academic preparedness, which can impact their retention and success. Mentorship has emerged as a powerful strategy to support these students, offering guidance, motivation, and a sense of belonging, all of which are critical factors in academic achievement and persistence. The proposed model integrates mentorship with theories of academic success, such as Tinto’s Model of Student Integration and Astin’s Student Involvement Theory, to provide a comprehensive framework for supporting diverse student groups. It outlines key components of effective mentorship, including mentor-mentee relationships, cultural competence, academic support, and social integration. By fostering these elements, the model seeks to enhance students' academic engagement, self-efficacy, and overall success. In addition to outlining the theoretical framework, the review examines strategies for implementing mentorship programs on college campuses, including mentor recruitment, training, and matching. It also highlights successful case studies and the outcomes of mentorship initiatives in diverse populations. Despite its potential, the model acknowledges challenges such as mentor-mentee mismatches and resource limitations, proposing solutions to overcome these barriers. Ultimately, this conceptual model emphasizes the critical role of mentorship in fostering inclusive academic environments that enhance student success and retention, providing a valuable framework for institutions seeking to support their diverse student populations.