The sustainable use of natural resources in Nigeria has yet to be realized. Using a literature review approach, this study examines how the Malthusian theory of natural resource usage might be applied to Nigeria in order to improve sustainability, with a particular emphasis on the problems brought on by the country's fast population expansion and resource exploitation. Nigeria's natural resource use trends are analyzed in conjunction with Malthus' theory, which postulates that population increase would eventually surpass resource availability. Along with discussing the theory's central claims, the paper evaluates the theory's applicability in the current environment and contrasts Nigeria with other developing African countries. Even while Malthus' theory has some merit, particularly in light of the depletion of the environment and the overuse of resources like water, oil, and agriculture, technical advancements and legislative changes offer chances for sustainable growth. The study ends with recommendations for ways to improve Nigeria's sustainable use of natural resources, highlighting the importance of public education, economic diversification, long-term planning, and better governance systems, among other things.