Abstract

This paper examines the feasibility of large-scale solar installations in the Sahara Desert to address global electricity demand. The Sahara Desert, covering 9.2 million square kilometers and receiving 2,500-3,000 kWh/m² of solar radiation annually, offers tremendous potential for solar energy generation. Technical analysis indicates that covering just 1.2% of the Sahara with solar panels could theoretically generate enough electricity to meet global demand. Key engineering challenges analyzed include site selection, solar technology options, manufacturing and installation logistics, energy storage, and transmission infrastructure. This paper proposes integrated solutions to these challenges, concluding that while significant obstacles exist, advancements in technology make harnessing the Sahara's solar potential increasingly viable, with projected levelized costs of $35-50/MWh by 2035-2040.