Abstract

The countries in South Asia, including the Island nations of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, have strategic significance to India within the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). These nations are given along major Sea Lines of Communication and significant buffers in the maritime strategy of India. Their role has also been rising every day, particularly due to the rising power like China for its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The relationship between India and Sri Lanka, and with the Maldives, is also founded on the goals of geography, history, culture and strategic interests. These are vital to India for the vision of its regional security, as well as the maritime policy of the SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region). With the growing influence of China in the IOR, India has an opportunity and a challenge to sustain its bonds as well as regional relations with Colombo and Male. This paper analyses the bilateral relations that India has had with these island countries, achievements, and the challenges, as well as policy actions that need to be taken. In particular, this paper examines the geopolitical, economic, and security factors contributing to these islands' strategic importance for India. It also discusses about New Delhi's maritime doctrine in regard to the responses to the same in the eyes of the regional challenges.