Abstract

Increase in demand for reliable, sustainable with lower emission globally has positioned renewable energy systems (RES) and smart grid (SG) technologies as rallying point for sustainable energy in futures and particularly within the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 7. This paper examines the integration of renewable energy sources within the frame work of smart grids to enable efficient, reliable, and eco-friendly power systems. The interaction between these technologies assist not only in reducing emissions but also enhances flexibility in grid operation, stability, and promote consumer participation through demand response programs. Potential treats such as intermittency, energy storage, grid stability, and cybersecurity are discussed alongside opportunities in policy-making, grid modernization, and advanced control strategies. The paper concludes that the seamless amalgamation of RES and SG technologies offers a viable and promising pathway towards global sustainable energy systems.