Health equity remains a critical global health priority, with nurses playing a pivotal role in addressing systemic disparities that affect health outcomes. This review examines strategies and outcomes in nursing practice aimed at advancing health equity, guided by two foundational frameworks: the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Equity Framework and the National Academies’ “Culture of Health” Model. The WHO Framework emphasizes structural and intermediary determinants of health, including policies, socioeconomic factors, and access to essential services, while the Culture of Health Model promotes shared values of health, cross-sector collaboration, and systemic integration to foster equitable and healthier communities. The review identifies key nursing strategies that align with these frameworks, including community-based interventions, policy advocacy, culturally competent education, and clinical practice reforms. Specific initiatives such as nurse-led outreach programs, advocacy for social justice policies, and integration of social determinants of health screening within clinical settings are analyzed for their effectiveness. Evidence from multiple studies highlights positive outcomes, including reductions in chronic disease disparities, increased preventive care access, improved community resilience, and strengthened healthcare systems’ responsiveness. Despite demonstrated successes, significant challenges persist. These include resource limitations, institutional resistance to equity-focused changes, and methodological barriers in evaluating long-term equity outcomes. To overcome these challenges, the review recommends strengthening interdisciplinary partnerships, scaling successful nursing-led models, improving data collection on equity metrics, and advancing leadership development programs for nurses engaged in equity work. This framework-guided review underscores the central role of nursing in advancing health equity through evidence-based, community-engaged, and systems-oriented approaches. It calls for sustained investment in nursing initiatives that integrate the WHO Health Equity Framework and the Culture of Health Model to build more just and equitable healthcare systems globally. Nurses, as trusted and accessible health professionals, are uniquely positioned to lead this transformation.