Abstract

The sophisticated current and developing automobile technology has led to the complication of power systems in current-generation automobiles. With the new trends of infotainment systems, ADAS, and EV powertrains, the harness of power management systems is more intelligent and efficient. This paper particularly assesses the different aspects of power management in automotive electronics pertaining to energy harvesting, power distribution architecture, voltage regulation, and intelligent control. This paper examines the ideas of the hardware and software management system and their relation to efficiency, battery life, and general performance. The paper also covers a comparison of various management techniques used in conventional and hybrid vehicles in addition to electric vehicles. Information on earlier and advanced power management controllers and their application cases are also included. By incorporating AI-driven power management techniques, there exists the possibility of improving car efficiency together with a decrease in energy losses. It is also noteworthy that he opens this section with an overview of power management systems’ future trends and issues in automobile applications, indicating the potential course of future studies.