Abstract

This study examined the role of state sovereignty, territorial rights, and the legal analysis of territory in the context of climate change, war, and state-building. The aim was to analyze the role of the legal analysis of territory on states and to clarify the problems of international recognition. The methodology included literature review, semi-structured interviews with 20 professors of law and political science at Public University, Nangarhar. According to the findings, territory is considered the most important foundation of state legitimacy and international recognition. In particular, climate change poses an existential threat to some island states, for which the existing international legal framework does not provide a clear mechanism for resolving it. That territory is vital to state legitimacy, sovereignty, and international recognition, and climate change and war pose challenges to the implementation of rights. The conclusion was the international legal framework needs to be modernized, practical mechanisms for securing territorial sovereignty should be established, and broader academic perspectives are recommended for future research.