Abstract

Background: As India experiences population ageing, addressing the needs and concerns of the elderly is critical for their wellbeing and quality of life. Research on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the elderly in India, particularly in Kerala, is limited. This study aims to measure the HRQoL of elderly Keralites in Kottayam district and identify its determinant factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey involved a random sample of 132 elderly residents in Kottayam district. HRQoL was measured using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) (Hayes et al., 1995; Walters et al., 2001). Participants were interviewed at their homes. Univariate analysis was performed for group comparison, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict quality of life determinants.
Results: Of the 132 elderly Keralites interviewed, the majority were men (56.5%), and nearly half were illiterate. Eighty-five percent lived with their families or relatives, and about 70% were married. Only 12% rated their economic status as good, with most participants reporting moderate or poor economic status. The mean SF-36 subscale scores ranged from 70.0 (SD = 25.9) for physical functioning to 53.5 (SD = 29.1) for bodily pain. Respondents showed better mental health (mean score 63.8) than physical health (mean score 55.0). Univariate analysis indicated women reported significantly poorer HRQoL. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, education, and economic status were significant determinants of the physical component of HRQoL, while gender and economic status significantly affected the mental component. Economic status emerged as the most significant predictor of HRQoL.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that elderly people in Kottayam, Kerala, suffer from relatively poor HRQoL, particularly women and those with lower education. Improved quality of life for the elderly in Kerala requires addressing health and economic issues comprehensively.