Abstract

This research focuses on analyzing and clarifying the most important legal risks and criminal liabilities arising from the use of artificial intelligence tools in the field of agriculture. The study specifically examines how new crimes emerge as a result of employing AI in agriculture, with the following examples:
1.    Environmental pollution resulting from the illegal spraying of pesticides (e.g., excessive or unauthorized use of AI-controlled drones or autonomous sprayers).
2.    Economic fraud through the manipulation of smart agricultural data (e.g., falsifying crop yields, soil data, or sensor readings for insurance or subsidy fraud).
3.    Violation of intellectual property rights related to agricultural software and AI algorithms (e.g., unauthorized copying, reverse engineering, or theft of proprietary precision agriculture systems).
4.    Determining the parties responsible for any harm caused by intelligent agricultural systems, particularly identifying who bears criminal liability: the programmer/developer, the user/farmer, or the manufacturing/producing companies.
5.    Proposing effective solutions through the amendment or updating of agricultural and criminal legislation to explicitly include and address crimes related to artificial intelligence.
6.    Finally, drawing on and benefiting from relevant legal experiences and regulatory approaches in the European Union and the United States in order to provide appropriate and effective solutions tailored to this field.