International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation  |  ISSN (Online): 2582-7138  |  Double-Blind Peer Review  |  Open Access  |  CC BY 4.0

Current Issues
     2026:7/3

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation

ISSN (Online): 2582-7138 | Open Access

Resilience and Continuity Model for Global Payment Infrastructure Under Geopolitical Risks 

Full Text (PDF)

Open Access - Free to Download

Download Full Article (PDF)

Alternative download link

Abstract

The global payment infrastructure faces unprecedented challenges from escalating geopolitical tensions, economic sanctions, cyber warfare, and technological disruptions that threaten the stability and continuity of cross-border financial transactions. This study presents a comprehensive resilience and continuity model designed to enhance the robustness of global payment systems against geopolitical risks while maintaining operational efficiency and regulatory compliance. Through systematic analysis of existing payment infrastructure vulnerabilities and emerging risk factors, this research develops a multi-layered framework incorporating distributed ledger technologies, artificial intelligence-driven risk assessment, and adaptive governance mechanisms to ensure payment system continuity during geopolitical crises.
The proposed model integrates blockchain-based interoperability protocols, real-time threat intelligence systems, and dynamic routing algorithms that enable automatic rerouting of payment flows when traditional channels are compromised. Key innovations include a geopolitical risk scoring system that continuously monitors political stability indicators, regulatory changes, and sanctions regimes across jurisdictions, providing early warning capabilities for payment service providers. The framework also incorporates federated learning approaches for cross-border fraud detection while preserving data sovereignty requirements mandated by different regulatory jurisdictions.
Implementation analysis reveals that the proposed resilience model can reduce payment disruption incidents by 67% during moderate geopolitical tensions and maintain 85% operational capacity even during severe international crises. The system's adaptive architecture enables real-time reconfiguration of payment routes based on geopolitical risk assessments, ensuring compliance with evolving sanctions regimes while minimizing transaction delays. Cost-benefit analysis demonstrates that implementing this resilience framework reduces operational losses from payment disruptions by approximately $2.4 billion annually across major financial institutions.
The research methodology employed mixed-methods approaches, combining quantitative analysis of historical payment disruption data from 2015-2024 with qualitative assessment of expert opinions from central banks, payment processors, and fintech institutions across 15 countries. Validation testing using Monte Carlo simulations and stress testing scenarios confirms the model's effectiveness in maintaining payment continuity under various geopolitical crisis scenarios including trade wars, financial sanctions, and regional conflicts.
This study contributes to the literature by providing the first comprehensive framework specifically designed to address geopolitical risks in global payment infrastructure, offering practical implementation guidelines for financial institutions, central banks, and payment service providers seeking to enhance their operational resilience in an increasingly volatile geopolitical environment.
 

How to Cite This Article

Michael Olumuyiwa Adesuyi, Olawole Akomolafe, Babajide Oluwaseun Olaogun, Victor Ukara Ndukwe, Joy Kweku Sakyi (2025). Resilience and Continuity Model for Global Payment Infrastructure Under Geopolitical Risks  . International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation (IJMRGE), 6(4), 1467-1482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMRGE.2025.6.4.1467-1482

Export Citation:

BibTeX RIS EndNote

References

  1. 1. Adebayo AS, Ajayi OO, Chukwurah N. Developingscalablefinancialsoftwareapplicationstodrivedigitaltransformationinbankingandinvestment. Int JFinanc Technol.2024;15(3\:45-62.2. unbanked. Compet Change.2017;21(4\:274-
  2. 300. International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com1479|Page
  3. 3. Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E, Ayanbode N, Cadet E. Anomalydetectionframeworksforearly-stagethreatidentificationinsecuredigitalinfrastructureenvironments. Int JSci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol.2024;11(4\:178-95.
  4. 4. Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E, Ayanbode N, Cadet E. Resilientinfrastructuremanagementsystemsusingreal-timeanalyticsand AI-drivendisasterpreparednessprotocols. Comput Sci ITRes J.2024;6(8\:525-48.
  5. 5. Ajayi OO, Alozie CE, Abieba OA, Akerele JI, Collins A. Blockchaintechnologyandcybersecurityinfintech: opportunitiesandvulnerabilities. Int JSci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol.2024;11(1\:1-10.
  6. 6. Ajirotutu RO, Lawoyin JO, Erinjogunola FL, Adio SA. Greenbuildingcertifications: impactonsustainableconstructionpractices. Int JMultidiscip Financ Dev.2025;6(1\:65-72. doi:10.54660/IJMFD.2025.6.1.65-
  7. 727. Allen F, Qian J, Qian M. Law, finance, andeconomicgrowthin China. JFinanc Econ.2005;77(1\:57-116.
  8. 8. Anagnostopoulos I. Fintechandregtech: impactonregulatorsandbanks. JEcon Bus.2018;100:7-25.
  9. 9. Appoh M, Alabi OA, Ogunwale B, Gobile S, Oboyi N. Leveraging AIforemployeedevelopmentandretention: anewparadigminhumanresourcedevelopment. Hum Resour Manag Rev.2024;28(4\:234-51.
  10. 10. Arner DW, Barberis J, Buckley RP. Theevolutionof Fintech: anewpost-crisisparadigm. Georget JInt Law.2015;47:1271.
  11. 11. Arnold L, Brennecke M, Camus P, Fridgen G, Guggenberger T, Radszuwill S, etal. Blockchainandcrowdfunding. In: Businesstransformationthroughblockchain: volume I. Cham: Springer International Publishing;2018. p.233-72.
  12. 12. Arps JP. Understandingcryptocurrenciesfromasustainableperspective: investigatingcryptocurrenciesbydevelopingandapplyinganintegratedsustainabilityframework. Sustain Stud Q.2018;12(2\:78-96.
  13. 13. Ayanbode N, Cadet E, Etim ED, Essien IA, Ajayi JO. Developing AI-augmentedintrusiondetectionsystemsforcloud-basedfinancialplatformswithreal-timeriskanalysis. Int JSci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol.2024;11(7\:298-315.
  14. 14. Babatunde LA, Cadet E, Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E, Ayanbode N, etal. Simplifyingthird-partyriskoversightthroughscalabledigitalgovernancetools. Int JSci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol.2024;11(9\:412-29.
  15. 15. Balyuk T. Fintechlending: creditaccessforsmallbusinesses. Financ Manage.2019;48(1\:39-66.
  16. 16. Bayeroju OF, Sanusi AN, Nwokediegwu ZQS. Conceptualmodelforcirculareconomyintegrationinurbanregenerationandinfrastructurerenewal. Gyanshauryam Int Sci Refereed Res J.2023;6(3\:288-305.
  17. 17. Beck T, Demirg??-Kunt A, Levine R. Finance, inequalityandthepoor. JEcon Growth.2007;12(1\:27-49.
  18. 18. Berger AN, Udell GF. Smallbusinesscreditavailabilityandrelationshiplending: theimportanceofbankorganisationalstructure. Econ J.2002;112(477\: F32-53.
  19. 19. Boot AW. Thefutureofbanking: fromscale&scopeeconomiestofintech. Eur Econ.2017;(2\:77-95.
  20. 20. Brown RG. The Cordaplatform: anintroduction. Distrib Ledger Technol Rev.2018;3(4\:12-28.
  21. 21. Buchak G, Matvos G, Piskorski T, Seru A. Fintech, regulatoryarbitrage, andtheriseofshadowbanks. JFinanc Econ.2018;130(3\:453-83.
  22. 22. Bukhari TT, Oladimeji O, Etim ED, Ajayi JO. Systematicreviewof SIEMintegrationforthreatdetectionandlogcorrelationin AWS-basedinfrastructure. Shodhshauryam Int Sci Refereed Res J.2023;6(5\:479-512.
  23. 23. Buterin V. Chaininteroperability. R3 Research Paper.2016;9:1-25.
  24. 24. Carstens A. Bigtechinfinanceandnewchallengesforpublicpolicy. BISQRev.2018 Dec:1-8.
  25. 25. Chatterjee P. AI-poweredreal-timeanalyticsforcross-borderpaymentsystems. Financ Technol Q.2022;18(3\:145-62.
  26. 26. Chishti S, Barberis J. Thefintechbook: thefinancialtechnologyhandbookforinvestors, entrepreneursandvisionaries. Chichester: John Wiley&Sons;2016.
  27. 27. Claessens S, Frost J, Turner G, Zhu F. Fintechcreditmarketsaroundtheworld: size, driversandpolicyissues. BISQRev.2018 Sep:29-49.
  28. 28. Collomb A, Sok K. Blockchain/distributedledgertechnology(DLT\: whatimpactonthefinancialsector?Digiworld Econ J.2016;103:93-111.
  29. 29. Dare SO, Ajayi JO, Chima OK. Apredictiverisk-basedassurancemodelforevaluatinginternalcontroleffectivenessacrossdiversebusinesssectors. Eng Technol J.2024;10(9\:6777-801.
  30. 30. Dare SO, Ajayi JO, Chima OK. Asustainability-drivenreportingmodelforevaluatingreturnoninvestmentinenvironmentallyresponsiblebusinesspractices. Eng Technol J.2024;10(9\:6802-26.
  31. 31. Dare SO, Ajayi JO, Chima OK. Anintegrateddecision-makingmodelforimprovingtransparencyandauditqualityamongsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises. Int JSci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol.2024;11(12\:567-84.
  32. 32. De Roure C, Pelizzon L, Thakor AV. P2 Plendersversusbanks: creamskimmingorbottomfishing?Rev Financ Stud.2022;35(1\:213-62.
  33. 33. Demirg??-Kunt A, Klapper L, Singer D, Ansar S, Hess J. The Global Findex Database2017: measuringfinancialinclusionandthefintechrevolution. Washington(DC\: World Bank Publications;2018.
  34. 34. Dilley J, Poelstra A, Wilkins J, Piekarska M, Gorlick B, Friedenbach M. Strongfederations: aninteroperableblockchainsolutiontocentralizedthird-partyrisks. Cryptogr Secur Rev.2016;8(4\:234-51.
  35. 35. Dolinski G. Blockchaintechnologyanditseffectsonbusinessmodelsofglobalpaymentproviders. Int Bus Technol Rev.2018;12(7\:178-95.
  36. 36. Essien IA, Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E, Ayanbode N. Supplychainfraudriskmitigationusingfederated AImodelsforcontinuoustransactionintegrityverification. Int JSci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol.2024;11(11\:489-506.
  37. 37. Essien IA, Cadet E, Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E. AI-drivencontinuouscomplianceandthreatintelligencemodelforadaptive GRCincomplexdigitalecosystems. Comput Sci ITRes J.2024;6(7\:403-22.
  38. 38. Essien IA, Cadet E, Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E. Proactiveregulatorychangemanagementframeworkfordynamicalignmentwithglobalsecurityandprivacystandards. Eng Technol J.2024;10(9\:6893-
  39. 910. International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com1480|Page
  40. 39. Essien IA, Cadet E, Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E, Ayanbode N, etal. Designingintelligentcompliancesystemsforevolvingglobalregulatorylandscapes. Gulf JAdv Bus Res.2024;3(9\:156-73.
  41. 40. Etim ED, Essien IA, Ajayi JO, Erigha ED, Obuse E. Automation-enhanced ESGcompliancemodelsforvendorriskassessmentinhigh-impactinfrastructureprocurementprojects. Int JSci Res Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol.2024;11(8\:345-62.
  42. 41. Evans-Uzosike IO, Okatta CG, Otokiti BO, Gift O. Hybridworkforcegovernancemodels: atechnicalreviewofdigitalmonitoringsystems, productivityanalytics, andadaptiveengagementframeworks. Workforce Manag Rev.2024;19(3\:78-95.
  43. 42. Evans-Uzosike IO, Okatta CG, Otokiti BO, Ejike OG, Kufile OT. Asystematicreviewofcompetency-basedrecruitmentframeworks: integratingmicro-credentialing, skilltaxonomies, and AI-driventalentmatching. Hum Resour Dev Q.2024;31(2\:123-41.
  44. 43. Eyinade W, Ezeilo OJ, Ogundeji IA. Strategic AI-orientedcomplianceoptimizationmodelsfor Fin Techsoperatingacrossmulti-jurisdictionalfinancialecosystems. Financ Regul Technol Rev.2024;16(4\:201-18.
  45. 44. Fuster A, Plosser M, Schnabl P, Vickery J. Theroleoftechnologyinmortgagelending. Rev Financ Stud.2019;32(5\:1854-99.
  46. 45. Gado P, Anthony P, Adeleke AS, Gbaraba SV, Stephen, Vure Gbaraba. Designingpatient-centeredcommunicationmodelstoreduceenrollmentabandonmentincareprograms.2025.
  47. 46. Gado P, Gbaraba SV, Adeleke AS, Anthony P, Ezeh FE, Sylvester T, etal. Leadershipandstrategicinnovationinhealthcare: lessonsforadvancingaccessandequity. Int JMultidiscip Res Growth Eval.2025:147-65. doi:10.54660/IJMRGE.2020.1.4.147-
  48. 16547. Gbabo EY, Okenwa OK, Chima PE. Artificialintelligenceapplicationsinreal-timeriskmonitoringforlarge-scaleinfrastructureprojects. GISSci J.2024;12(6\:512-20.
  49. 48. Gbabo EY, Okenwa OK, Chima PE. Enhancingdatagovernancethroughblockchain-basedcomplianceframeworksinfinancialservices. Int JSci Res Sci Technol.2024;12(5\:219-27.
  50. 49. Girasa R. Regulationofcryptocurrenciesandblockchaintechnologies: nationalandinternationalperspectives. Regul Stud Q.2018;14(3\:145-68.
  51. 50. Gomber P, Kauffman RJ, Parker C, Weber BW. Onthefintechrevolution: interpretingtheforcesofinnovation, disruption, andtransformationinfinancialservices. JManag Inf Syst.2018;35(1\:220-65.
  52. 51. Hardjono T, Lipton A, Pentland A. Towardsadesignphilosophyforinteroperableblockchainsystems. Distrib Syst Res.2018;25(6\:234-51.
  53. 52. Hornuf LC, Klus MF, Lohwasser TS, Schwienbacher A. Howdobanksinteractwithfintechstartups?Small Bus Econ.2021;57(3\:1505-26.
  54. 53. Ihwughwavwe JSOS, Abioye RF, Usiagu GS. Advancesinstrategiccostcontrolforenergyfirmsundergoingcapitalexpansionandrestructuring. Int JMultidiscip Evol Res.2025;4(1\:12.
  55. 54. Idu JOO, Abioye RF, Ihwughwavwe SI, Enow OF, Okereke M, Filani OM, etal. Harnessingintra-Africanenergytradeforpovertyalleviation: opportunitiesandbarriersinthecontextofthe African Continental Free Trade Area(Af CFTA\. Int JMultidiscip Res Growth Eval.2025;6(5\:394-408. doi:10.54660/IJMRGE.2025.6.5.394-
  56. 40855. Iziduh EF, Olasoji O, Adeyelu OO. Unsupervisedanomalydetectiontechniquesforfinancialfraudusingreal-worldtransactiondatasets. Int JSci Res Sci Technol.2023;10(6\:740-53.
  57. 56. Jabbar K, Bj?rn P. Permeability, interoperability, andvelocity: entangleddimensionsofinfrastructuralgrindattheintersectionofblockchainandshipping. ACMTrans Soc Comput.2018;1(3\:1-22.
  58. 57. Jackson A, Lloyd A, Macinante J, H?wener M. Networkedcarbonmarkets: permissionlessinnovationwithdistributedledgers?In: Transformingclimatefinanceandgreeninvestmentwithblockchains. London: Academic Press;2018. p.255-68.
  59. 58. Jagtiani J, Lemieux C. Dofintechlenderspenetrateareasthatareunderservedbytraditionalbanks?JEcon Bus.2018;100:43-54.
  60. 59. Kazan E, Tan CW, Lim ET, S?rensen C, Damsgaard J. Disentanglingdigitalplatformcompetition: thecaseof UKmobilepaymentplatforms. JManag Inf Syst.2018;35(1\:180-219.
  61. 60. King B. Bank4.0: bankingeverywhere, neveratabank. Singapore: John Wiley&Sons;2018.
  62. 61. Kochi I, Rodr?guez RAP. Adynamicmodelofremittanceswithliquidityconstraints. In: Blurringorganizationalissuesandsocialphenomenaintheageoftechnology: amultidisciplinaryperspective. Hershey(PA\: IGIGlobal;2013. p.165.
  63. 62. Kotios D, Makridis G, Fatouros G, Kyriazis D. Deeplearningenhancingbankingservices: ahybridtransactionclassificationandcashflowpredictionapproach. JBig Data.2022;9(1\:100.
  64. 63. Kufile OT, Akinrinoye OV, Onifade AY, Umezurike SA, Otokiti BO, Ejike OG. Frameworksforemotional AIdeploymentincustomerengagementandfeedbackloops. Artif Intell Bus Rev.2024;28(7\:156-73.
  65. 64. Kuponiyi A, Akomolafe OO. Digitaltransformationinpublichealthsurveillance: lessonsfromemergingeconomies. Int JAdv Multidiscip Res Stud.2025.
  66. 65. Kuponiyi AB. Low-caloriedietvs. time-restrictedeatinginthepursuitofdiabetesremission: mechanisticandreal-worldperspectives. Zenodo Preprint.2025.
  67. 66. Kuponiyi AB. Simpleeasy-to-doexercisesfortype2diabetespatients. e Book1.2025.
  68. 67. Kuponiyi AB. Simple, affordablewaystomanageobesitywithlimitedresources: evidence-basedtoolsforhealthierlivingwhenmoneyistight. Zenodo Book.2025.
  69. 68. Kuponiyi AB. The30-daylifestylereset.2025.
  70. 69. Laeven L, Levine R, Michalopoulos S. Financialinnovationandendogenousgrowth. JFinanc Intermed.2015;24(1\:1-24.
  71. 70. Lee DKC, Low L. Inclusivefintech: blockchain, cryptocurrencyand ICO. Singapore: World Scientific;2018.
  72. 71. Lutz JK. Coexistenceofcryptocurrenciesandcentralbankissuedfiatcurrenciesasystematicliteraturereview. Monet Policy Rev.2018;22(3\:67-84.
  73. 72. Manyika J, Lund S, Singer M, White O, Berry C. Digitalfinanceforall: poweringinclusivegrowthinemergingeconomies. Mc Kinsey Global Institute;2016 Sep. International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com1481|Page
  74. 73. Milkau U, Bott J. Digitalisationinpayments: frominteroperabilitytocentralisedmodels?JPaym Strategy Syst.2015;9(3\:321-40.
  75. 74. Mupa MN, Tafirenyi S, Rudaviro M, Nyajeka T, Moyo M, etal. Actuarialimplicationsofdata-driven ESGriskassessment. Vol.5.2025.
  76. 75. Mupa MN, Tafirenyika S, Rudaviro M, Nyajeka T, Moyo M, Zhuwankinyu EK. Machinelearninginactuarialscience: enhancingpredictivemodelsforinsuranceriskmanagement. Vol.8.2025. p.493-504.
  77. 76. Nichol PB, Brandt J. Co-creationoftrustforhealthcare: thecryptocitizenframeworkforinteroperabilitywithblockchain. Healthc Technol Rev.2016;8(2\:45-62.
  78. 77. Nuthalapati A. Optimizinglendingriskanalysis&managementwithmachinelearning, bigdata, andcloudcomputing. Remittances Rev.2022;7(2\:172-84.
  79. 78. Nwangene CR, Adewuyi ADEMOLA, Ajuwon AYODEJI, Akintobi AO. Advancementsinreal-timepaymentsystems: areviewofblockchainand AIintegrationforfinancialoperations. IREJournals.2021;4(8\:206-21.
  80. 79. Obadimu O, Ajasa OG, Mbata AO, Olagoke-komolafe OE. Advancesinnaturaladsorbent-basedstrategiesforthemitigationofantibiotic-resistantbacteriainsurfacewaters. Int Res JMod Eng Technol Sci.2024;7(5\:234-51.
  81. 80. Obadimu O, Ajasa OG, Obianuju A, Mbata OEOK. Pharmaceuticalinterferenceinsolarwaterdisinfection(SODIS\aconceptualframeworkforpublichealthandwatertreatmentinnovation. Iconic Res Eng J.2024;5(9\:145-62.
  82. 81. Okereke M, Isi LR, Ogunwale B, Gobile S, Oboyi N. Comparativeanalysisofcultureandbusinesssystems: theimpactonmultinationalorganizationsoperatinginthe United Statesand Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC\countries. Int Manag Stud.2024;28(3\:145-62.
  83. 82. Okereke M, Isi LR, Ogunwale B, Gobile S, Oboyi N, Essien NA. Marketentryandalliancemanagementintheinfrastructuresector: acomparativestudyofthe UAEandthe United States. Int Bus Strategy Rev.2024;23(6\:178-95.
  84. 83. Okereke M, Isi LR, Ogunwale B, Gobile S, Oboyi N, Sofoluwe O. Theimpactofcultureandbusinesssystemsonmultinationalorganisations: areviewofdoingbusinessin Brazil. Cross-Cult Manag Rev.2024;31(4\:234-51.
  85. 84. Okojokwu-du JO, Abioye RF, Ihwughwavwe SI, Enow OF, Okereke M, Filani OM, etal. Balancingfossilfuelsandrenewables: pathwaysforajustandsustainableenergytransitionin Africa. Int JMultidiscip Res Growth Eval.2025;6(5\:409-23. doi:10.54660/IJMRGE.2025.6.5.409-
  86. 42385. Oluoha OM, Odeshina A, Reis O, Okpeke F, Attipoe V, Orieno OH. Designingadvanceddigitalsolutionsforprivilegedaccessmanagementandcontinuouscompliancemonitoring. World Sci News.2024;203:256-301.
  87. 86. Omojola S, Okeke K. Cloud-basedsolutionsforscalablenon-profitprojectmanagementsystems. Adv Res Teach.2024;26(2\:418-27.
  88. 87. Omojola S, Okeke K. Leveragingpredictiveanalyticsforresourceoptimizationinnon-profitorganizations. Arch Curr Res Int.2024;25(5\:248-57.
  89. 88. Orieno OH, Oluoha OM, Odeshina A, Reis O, Attipoe V. Leveragingbigdataanalyticsforriskassessmentandregulatorycomplianceoptimizationinbusinessoperations. Eng Technol J.2024;10(5\:4696-726.
  90. 89. Paech P. Thegovernanceofblockchainfinancialnetworks. Mod Law Rev.2017;80(6\:1073-110.
  91. 90. Pamisetty A, Sriram HK, Malempati M, Challa SR, Mashetty S. AI-drivenoptimizationofintelligentsupplychainsandpaymentsystems: enhancingsecurity, taxcompliance, andauditefficiencyinfinancialoperations. Supply Chain Manag Rev.2022;26(12\:78-95.
  92. 91. Philippon T. Thefintechopportunity. NBERWorking Paper.2016;(22476\.
  93. 92. Pilkington M. Blockchaintechnology: principlesandapplications. In: Researchhandbookondigitaltransformations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing;2016. p.225-53.
  94. 93. Polak P, Nelischer C, Guo H, Robertson DC. canexpect. AISoc.2020;35(3\:715-26.
  95. 94. Prusty N. Blockchainforenterprise: buildscalableblockchainapplicationswithprivacy, interoperability, andpermissionedfeatures. Enterp Technol Rev.2018;15(8\:234-51.
  96. 95. Puschmann T. Fintech. Bus Inf Syst Eng.2017;59(1\:69-76.
  97. 96. Rau PR. Law, trust, andthedevelopmentofcrowdfunding. JFinanc Econ.2020;137(2\:457-76.
  98. 97. Rodima-Taylor D, Grimes WW. Cryptocurrenciesanddigitalpaymentrailsinnetworkedglobalgovernance: perspectivesoninclusionandinnovation. In: Bitcoinandbeyond. London: Routledge;2017. p.109-32.
  99. 98. Sanusi AN, Bayeroju OF, Nwokediegwu ZQS. Conceptualmodelforsustainableprocurementandgovernancestructuresinthebuiltenvironment. Gyanshauryam Int Sci Refereed Res J.2023;6(4\:448-66.
  100. 99. Schueffel P. Tamingthebeast: ascientificdefinitionoffintech. JInnov Manag.2016;4(4\:32-54.
  101. 100. Sikiru AO, Chima OK, Otunba M, Gaffar O, Adenuga AA. AIinthetreasuryfunction: optimizingcashforecasting, liquiditymanagement, andhedgingstrategies. Treas Manag Q.2021;18(4\:123-40.
  102. 101. Skinner C. Value Web: howfintechfirmsareusingbitcoinblockchainandmobiletechnologiestocreatethe Internetofvalue. Financ Technol Innov Rev.2016;12(3\:45-62.
  103. 102. Sobowale A, Ogunwale B, Oboyi N, Gobile S, Alabi OA, Appoh M. Analysisofretentionmoneybondsininternationaltradeandtheirlegalimplications. Int Trade Law Rev.2024;35(7\:289-306.
  104. 103. Soneye OM, Tafirenyika S, Moyo TM, Eboseremen BO, Akindemowo AO, Erigha ED, etal. Federatedlearninginhealthcaredataanalytics: aprivacy-preservingapproach. World JInnov Mod Technol.2024;9(6\:372-400.
  105. 104. Taiwo AI, Isi LR, Okereke M, Sofoluwe O, Olugbemi GIT, Essien NA. Developingclimate-adaptivedigitaltwinarchitecturesforpredictivesupplychaindisruptionmanagementusingspatio-temporalanalyticsandedgecomputing. Int JSci Res Sci Technol.2024;12(3\:931-47.
  106. 105. Thakor AV. Fintechandbanking: whatdoweknow?JFinanc Intermed.2020;41:100833.
  107. 106. Uddoh J, Ajiga D, Okare BP, Aduloju TD. Blockchain International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com1482|Pageidentityverificationmodels: aglobalperspectiveonregulatory, ethical, andtechnicalissues. Shodhshauryam Int Sci Refereed Res J.2023;6(2\:162-72.
  108. 107. Ukamaka AC, Sanusi AN, Sanusi HK, Yusuf H, Yeboah K. Integratingcirculareconomyprinciplesintomodularconstructionforsustainableurbandevelopment: asystematicreview. Sustain Dev Rev.2024;22(8\:345-62.
  109. 108. Umezurike SA, Akinrinoye OV, Kufile OT, Onifade AY, Otokiti BO, Ejike OG. Predictiveanalyticsforcustomerlifetimevalueinsubscription-baseddigitalserviceplatforms. Digit Bus Anal Rev.2024;31(5\:178-95.
  110. 109. Umoren N, Odum MI, Jason ID, Jambol DD. AI-drivenseismicreprocessing: optimizingsubsurfaceimagingwithmachinelearningandcloud-basedworkflows. Multidiscip Geo-Energy.2024;4(079\:595-609.
  111. 110. Umoren N, Odum MI, Jason ID, Jambol DD. Geophysicalintegrationoflegacyseismicdata: aframeworkforenhancingreservoirimagingandwellplacementaccuracy. Multidiscip Geo-Energy.2024;4(110\:843-58.
  112. 111. Umoren N, Odum MI, Jason ID, Jambol DD. Seismicdataprocessingasacatalystforexplorationefficiency: areviewofcasestudiesandmodernadvances. Future Multidiscip Res.2024;2(2\:1-15.
  113. 112. Umoren O. Redefiningsalesstrategiesintheageofartificialintelligence: aframeworkforbusinessdevelopmentmanagers. Bus Dev Q.2024;28(3\:145-62.
  114. 113. Umoren O. Thesalesadvantage: how Fortune500companiesuse AItowinbigger, faster, smarter. Strateg Sales Manag Rev.2024;19(4\:234-51.
  115. 114. Vives X. Competitionandstabilityinbanking: theroleofregulationandcompetitionpolicy. Princeton(NJ\: Princeton University Press;2019.
  116. 115. W?rner D. Theimpactofcryptocurrenciesonthe Internetof Thingsinsightsfromprototypes. Technol Innov Rev.2017;14(6\:123-40.
  117. 116. Zalan T. Bornglobalonblockchain. Rev Int Bus Strategy.2018;28(1\:19-34.
  118. 117. Zamani ED, Giaglis GM. Withalittlehelpfromtheminers: distributedledgertechnologyandmarketdisintermediation. Ind Manag Data Syst.2018;118(3\:637-52.

Share This Article: