Abstract

This study investigated the effects of counselling therapy programmes on the rehabilitation of inmates in the Buea central prison. Despite global advancements in correctional rehabilitation, many prison systems in developing countries, including Cameroon, still rely heavily on punitive incarceration, which results in limited efforts towards psychological and social transformation of inmates. This study bridged the knowledge gap on how existing counselling programmes influence inmate rehabilitation. Using an explanatory sequential design, a mixed-methods approach was employed to collect and analyse data from 60 participants, including inmates and prison staff. Data analysis and interpretation were guided by eight theoretical frameworks: Rotman’s (1990) Rehabilitation Theory, Becker’s (1963, 1964) Reformative Theory and Human Capital Theory, Skinner’s (1948) Operant Conditioning Theory, Becker’s (1963) Social Labelling Theory, Bandura’s (1977) Social Learning Theory, Rogers’ (1951) Person-Centered Therapy Theory and Giordano et al.’s (2002) Cognitive Transformation Theory. These theories provided an exhaustive understanding of the rehabilitation process and emphasized the importance of counselling in behavioural change and successful reintegration. Findings highlight the key role of counselling in inmate rehabilitation, with social interaction programmes and counselling therapy. The study suggests that rehabilitation efforts are most effective when prioritizing skill development, academic advancement and addressing social and emotional needs. Thus, a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation—one that integrates practical, educational, emotional and social dimensions, is required for reducing recidivism and promoting successful reintegration. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, correctional administrators and rehabilitation specialists committed to reforming the prison system in Cameroon.