Conceptual Model improving Endpoint Security across mixed Operating System Environments
Abstract
Enterprises increasingly operate in mixed operating system (OS) environments encompassing Windows, macOS, Linux distributions, mobile platforms, and cloud-connected endpoints. This heterogeneity enhances flexibility and productivity but simultaneously introduces security fragmentation, inconsistent policy enforcement, and heightened vulnerability exposure. The proposed conceptual model addresses these challenges by establishing a unified and adaptive framework designed to improve endpoint security across diverse OS ecosystems. The model integrates technological, procedural, and organizational dimensions to ensure consistent protection, visibility, and control regardless of platform differences. Central to the conceptual model is a unified security telemetry layer, which aggregates and normalizes cross-OS logs, configurations, and behavioral signals to provide holistic visibility. This is supported by a centralized policy and configuration management framework that enables consistent baseline enforcement, automated patching, and compliance validation across all endpoint types. An AI-driven threat detection and response engine further enhances security by correlating signals from heterogeneous environments, detecting anomalies, and orchestrating rapid, automated containment and remediation. Complementing these components is a cross-platform identity and access control architecture, grounded in zero-trust principles and designed to ensure uniform authentication, authorization, and device posture validation across multiple OS ecosystems. The model also incorporates an OS-agnostic application and API integration layer, enabling secure interoperation between enterprise apps while reducing attack surface exposures. Together, these components provide a cohesive, scalable, and resilient foundation for defending against evolving threats in increasingly distributed digital environments. By addressing the complexities inherent in mixed OS operations, the conceptual model offers a pathway toward strengthened organizational security posture, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced regulatory compliance. The framework sets the stage for future advancements involving edge computing, generative AI–augmented threat intelligence, and deeper zero-trust integration within native OS architectures.
How to Cite This Article
Nwankwo Constance Obiuto, Ugwu-Oju Ukamaka Mary, Okeke Obinna ThankGod (2020). Conceptual Model improving Endpoint Security across mixed Operating System Environments . International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation (IJMRGE), 1(5), 457-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMRGE.2020.1.5.457-467
References
- 1. Airehrour D, Gutierrez JA, Ray SK. Sec Trust-RPL: asecuretrust-aware RPLroutingprotocolfor Internetof Things. Future Gener Comput Syst.2019;93:860-76.
- 2. Aisyah N, Hidayat R, Zulaikha S, Rizki A, Yusof ZB, Pertiwi D, etal. Artificialintelligenceincryptographicprotocols: securinge-commercetransactionsandensuringdataintegrity.2019.
- 3. Alam I, Sharif K, Li F, Latif Z, Karim MM, Nour B, etal. Io Tvirtualization: asurveyofsoftwaredefinition&functionvirtualizationtechniquesfor Internetof Things. ar Xiv.2019: ar Xiv:1902.10910.
- 4. Alemany P, Kalalas C, Raul M, Vilalta R, Kafchitsas A, Sandia S, etal. INtelligent Securityand Pervas Ivet Rustfor5 Gand Beyond.2019.
- 5. Al-Hawawreh M, den Hartog F, Sitnikova E. Targetedransomware: anewcyberthreattoedgesystemofbrownfieldindustrial Internetof Things. IEEEInternet Things J.2019;6(4\:7137-51.
- 6. Ali I, Sabir S, Ullah Z. Internetofthingssecurity, deviceauthenticationandaccesscontrol: areview. ar Xiv.2019: ar Xiv:1901.07309.
- 7. Alshamrani A, Myneni S, Chowdhary A, Huang D. Asurveyonadvancedpersistentthreats: techniques, solutions, challenges, andresearchopportunities. IEEECommun Surv Tutorials.2019;21(2\:1851-77.
- 8. Bellefleur R, Wang D. Io T-enabledsmartcitysecurityconsiderationsandsolutions.2018.
- 9. Defense Innovation Board. AIprinciples: recommendationsontheethicaluseofartificialintelligencebythe Departmentof Defense: supportingdocument. Washington, DC: United States Departmentof Defense;2019.
- 10. Buyya R, Srirama SN, editors. Fogandedgecomputing: principlesandparadigms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley&Sons;2019.
- 11. Cherukuri BR. Futureofcloudcomputing: innovationsinmulti-cloudandhybridarchitectures.2019.
- 12. Clark P, Kollwitz E. Regulatorycomplianceinworkforceplanning: adigital HRperspective.2018.
- 13. Colicchia C, Creazza A, Menachof DA. Managingcyberandinformationrisksinsupplychains: insightsfromanexploratoryanalysis. Supply Chain Manag.2019;24(2\:215-40.
- 14. De Koven LF, Randall A, Mirian A, Akiwate G, Blume A, Saul LK, etal. Measuringsecuritypracticesandhowtheyimpactsecurity. In: Proceedingsofthe Internet Measurement Conference;2019 Oct; Amsterdam, Netherlands. p.36-49.
- 15. Elumalai A, Roberts R. Unlockingbusinessaccelerationinahybridcloudworld. Mc Kinsey Digital.2019 Aug.
- 16. Franklin JF, Johnson KN, Johnson DL. Ecologicalforestmanagement. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press;2018.
- 17. F?rstenau D, Baiyere A, Kliewer N. Adynamicmodelofembeddednessindigitalinfrastructures. Inf Syst Res.2019;30(4\:1319-42.
- 18. Geier M, Chakraborty S. Challengesin IToperationsmanagementata Germanuniversitychairtenyearsinretrospect. In: Proceedingsofthe2019ACMSIGUCCSAnnual Conference;2019 Oct-Nov; New Orleans, LA. p.97-103.
- 19. Goundar S, Bhardwaj A. Aframeworkforeffectivethreathunting. Netw Secur J.2019.
- 20. Gunasekaran A, Yusuf YY, Adeleye EO, Papadopoulos T, Kovvuri D, Geyi DAG. Agilemanufacturing: anevolutionaryreviewofpractices. Int JProd Res.2019;57(15-16\:5154-74.
- 21. Hassan N. Ransomwarerevealed. Berkeley, CA: Apress;2019. p.47-68.
- 22. Huang K, Siegel M, Madnick S. Systematicallyunderstandingthecyberattackbusiness: asurvey. ACMComput Surv.2018;51(4\:1-36.
- 23. Indu I, Anand PR, Bhaskar V. Identityandaccessmanagementincloudenvironment: mechanismsandchallenges. Eng Sci Technol Int J.2018;21(4\:574-88.
- 24. Kocoloski B, Lange J, Pedretti K, Brightwell R. Hobbes: amulti-kernelinfrastructureforapplicationcomposition. In: Operatingsystemsforsupercomputersandhighperformancecomputing. Singapore: Springer Singapore;2019. p.241-67.
- 25. Kure H, Islam S. Cyberthreatintelligenceforimprovingcybersecurityandriskmanagementincritical International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com466infrastructure. JUnivers Comput Sci.2019;25(11\:1478-502.
- 26. Kushala K, Kurunthachalam A. Enhancingcloudsecurityinhealthcareandfinance: zerotrustandhomomorphicencryptionfordataprivacyandriskmanagement. Int JBus Manag Econ Rev.2019;2(6\:118.
- 27. Linkov I, Kott A. Fundamentalconceptsofcyberresilience: introductionandoverview. In: Cyberresilienceofsystemsandnetworks. Cham: Springer;2019. p.1-25.
- 28. Malatji M, Von Solms S, Marnewick A. Socio-technicalsystemscybersecurityframework. Inf Comput Secur.2019;27(2\:233-72.
- 29. Marti M, Tavares De Almeida Soares D. Lookingforthenextstart-upfairytalein India: culturalandinstitutionalproblems Swissstart-upsfacewheninternationalisingto India.2018.
- 30. Martin A, Raponi S, Combe T, Di Pietro R. Dockerecosystemvulnerabilityanalysis. Comput Commun.2018;122:30-43.
- 31. Mc Guigan L. Automatingtheaudiencecommodity: theunacknowledgedancestryofprogrammaticadvertising. New Media Soc.2019;21(11-12\:2366-85.
- 32. Mc Kenna AT, Gaudion AC, Evans JL. Theroleofsatellitesandsmartdevices: datasurprisesandsecurity, privacy, andregulatorychallenges. Penn State Law Rev.2019;123:591.
- 33. Mei H, Guo Y. Operatingsystemsfor Internetware: challengesandfuturedirections. In:2018IEEE38th International Conferenceon Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS\2018 Jul; Vienna, Austria. p.1377-84.
- 34. Mistry S, Lalwani P, Potdar M. Endpointprotectionthrough Windowsoperatingsystemhardening. Int JComput Appl Technol Res.2018. doi:10.7753/IJCATR0702.1005.
- 35. Mohammed A. Bestpracticesforauditingsecurityoperationscenters(SOC\forcomplianceandthreatdetection. Adv Comput Sci.2018;1(1\.
- 36. Morrison GR, Ross SJ, Morrison JR, Kalman HK. Designingeffectiveinstruction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley&Sons;2019.
- 37. Mueller ST, Hoffman RR, Clancey W, Emrey A, Klein G. Explanationinhuman-AIsystems: aliteraturemeta-review, synopsisofkeyideasandpublications, andbibliographyforexplainable AI. ar Xiv.2019: ar Xiv:1902.01876.
- 38. Nina P, Ethan K. AI-driventhreatdetection: enhancingcloudsecuritywithcutting-edgetechnologies. Int JTrend Sci Res Dev.2019;4(1\:1362-74.
- 39. Padur SKR. Empoweringdeveloper&operationsself-service: Oracle APEX+ORDSasanenterpriseplatformforproductivityandagility. Int JSci Res Sci Eng Technol.2018;4(11\:364-72.
- 40. Parker JT, Gregg M. Hostsecurity.2019.
- 41. Pattaranantakul M, He R, Song Q, Zhang Z, Meddahi A. NFVsecuritysurvey: fromusecasedriventhreatanalysistostate-of-the-artcountermeasures. IEEECommun Surv Tutorials.2018;20(4\:3330-68.
- 42. Petrik R, Arik B, Smith JM. Towardsarchitectureand OS-independentmalwaredetectionviamemoryforensics. In: Proceedingsofthe2018ACMSIGSACConferenceon Computerand Communications Security;2018 Oct; Toronto, Canada. p.2267-9.
- 43. Qin Z, Zhang H, Qin X, Xu K, Dimitrov KNA, Wang G, etal. Classificationandsoftwareculture. In: Fundamentalsofsoftwareculture. Singapore: Springer Singapore;2018. p.83-136.
- 44. Rapuzzi R, Repetto M. Buildingsituationalawarenessfornetworkthreatsinfog/edgecomputing: emergingparadigmsbeyondthesecurityperimetermodel. Future Gener Comput Syst.2018;85:235-49.
- 45. Ross R, Pillitteri V, Graubart R, Bodeau D, Mc Quaid R. Developingcyberresilientsystems: asystemssecurityengineeringapproach. NISTSpecial Publication800-160 Vol.2(Draft\. Gaithersburg, MD: National Instituteof Standardsand Technology;2019.
- 46. Ryd?n P, El Sawy OA. Real-timemanagementinthedigitaleconomy. Timeissuesinstrategyandorganization.2019:59-93.
- 47. Serpanos D, Wolf M. Internet-of-Things(Io T\systems: architectures, algorithms, methodologies.2018.
- 48. Sjarif NNA, Chuprat S, Mahrin MNR, Ahmad NA, Ariffin A, Senan FM, etal. Endpointdetectionandresponse: whyusemachinelearning?In:2019 International Conferenceon Informationand Communication Technology Convergence(ICTC\;2019 Oct; Jeju, Korea. p.283-8.
- 49. Son LH, Jha S, Kumar R, Chatterjee JM, Khari M. Collaborativehandshakingapproachesbetweeninternetofcomputingandinternetofthingstowardsasmartworld: areviewfrom
- 20092017. Telecommun Syst.2019;70(4\:617-34.
- 50. Stellios I, Kotzanikolaou P, Psarakis M, Alcaraz C, Lopez J. Asurveyof Io T-enabledcyberattacks: assessingattackpathstocriticalinfrastructuresandservices. IEEECommun Surv Tutorials.2018;20(4\:3453-95.
- 51. Stevens R, Votipka D, Redmiles EM, Ahern C, Sweeney P, Mazurek ML. Thebattlefor New York: acasestudyofapplieddigitalthreatmodelingattheenterpriselevel. In:27th USENIXSecurity Symposium(USENIXSecurity18\;2018 Aug; Baltimore, MD. p.621-37.
- 52. Tanya B, Rahul C. Dataatrest, dataatrisk: evaluatingencryptionandaccesscontrolmechanismsincloudstoragesystems. Int JTrend Sci Res Dev.2019;3(6\:1462-78.
- 53. Tao M, Zuo J, Liu Z, Castiglione A, Palmieri F. Multi-layercloudarchitecturalmodelandontology-basedsecurityserviceframeworkfor Io T-basedsmarthomes. Future Gener Comput Syst.2018;78:1040-51.
- 54. Tedeschi S, Emmanouilidis C, Mehnen J, Roy R. Adesignapproachto Io Tendpointsecurityforproductionmachinerymonitoring. Sensors(Basel\.2019;19(10\:2355.
- 55. Tiberius V, Hirth S. Impactsofdigitizationonauditing: a Delphistudyfor Germany. JInt Account Audit Tax.2019;37:100288.
- 56. T?rngren M, Grogan PT. Howtodealwiththecomplexityoffuturecyber-physicalsystems?Designs.2018;2(4\:40.
- 57. Vetter JS, Brightwell R, Gokhale M, Mc Cormick P, Ross R, Shalf J, etal. Extremeheterogeneity2018-productivecomputationalscienceintheeraofextremeheterogeneity: reportfor DOEASCRworkshoponextremeheterogeneity. Washington, DC: USDOEOfficeof Science;2018.
- 58. Watada J, Roy A, Kadikar R, Pham H, Xu B. Emerging International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com467trends, techniquesandopenissuesofcontainerization: areview. IEEEAccess.2019;7:152443-72.
- 59. Weissman Z, Tiemann T, Moghimi D, Custodio E, Eisenbarth T, Sunar B. Jackhammer: efficientrowhammeronheterogeneous FPGA-CPUplatforms. ar Xiv.2019: ar Xiv:1912.11523.60. ski W. Viz Doomcompetitions: playing Doomfrompixels. IEEETrans Games.2018;11(3\:248-60.
- 61. Zandberg K, Schleiser K, Acosta F, Tschofenig H, Baccelli E. Securefirmwareupdatesforconstrained Io Tdevicesusingopenstandards: arealitycheck. IEEEAccess.2019;7:71907-20.
- 62. Zhao L, Mannan M. TEE-aidedwriteprotectionagainstprivilegeddatatampering. ar Xiv.2019: ar Xiv:1905.10723.