Abstract

This study aims to analyze Madura tobacco farming in Kadur District, Pamekasan Regency, based on the characteristics of farmers, production cost structure, profit level, business efficiency, and profitability in three agroecosystems, namely rice fields, tegals, and mountains. The tobacco varieties analyzed include Prancak 95, Opot, and Melateh Tompang. Data was obtained from respondent farmers in three sample villages, namely Bungbaruh village with rice field tobacco land, Bangkes Village with tegal tobacco, and Pamoroh Village with mountain tobacco land. Using the survey method, it was then analyzed quantitatively descriptively through the calculation of profit (π), Profit Rate, R/C Ratio, and Return on Investment (ROI). The results of the study show that the characteristics of tobacco farmers in Kadur District are dominated by the adult age group with relatively long farming experience, varied formal education, and small to medium land ownership. The cost structure of tobacco farming is dominated by labor costs, with a contribution of 72–82% of the total cost, which reflects that Madura tobacco cultivation is labor-intensive. In terms of production, the Melateh Tompang variety shows the highest level of productivity in all types of land, but it is not always followed by high selling prices. The Prancak 95 variety has the highest and most stable selling price, but produces the lowest profits and profitability. The results of the farming analysis showed that the Opot variety provided the highest profits, profit rate, R/C Ratio, and ROI on rice fields and fields, while the Melateh Tompang variety was most profitable on mountain land. All varieties in all three types of land have an R/C Ratio value above one, so it is still economically feasible. Overall, the Opot and Melateh Tompang varieties have proven to be financially superior to Prancak 95, with a higher level of profitability and better cost efficiency. These findings indicate that the suitability of varieties with agroecosystem conditions is a key factor in increasing income and sustainability of tobacco farming in Kadur District.