Abstract

The convergence of fifth-generation (5G) networks and cloud computing represents a fundamental shift in how telecommunication infrastructures are designed, deployed, and managed. This review examines the integration of 5G and cloud-based architectures to support next-generation telecommunication services with enhanced scalability, ultra-low latency, and high bandwidth efficiency. It explores the synergy between 5G’s network slicing, edge computing, and virtualization technologies with cloud-native infrastructures, enabling dynamic resource allocation and service orchestration. The paper discusses how distributed cloud frameworks such as Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) optimize data processing closer to the user, reducing latency and improving service reliability. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging models for cloud-enabled 5G core networks, focusing on automation through AI-driven network management and containerized microservices for seamless interoperability. It also assesses key challenges, including security, interoperability, and regulatory concerns that arise from this deep integration. By synthesizing current research and industrial practices, the paper proposes a holistic model for 5G–cloud convergence that facilitates efficient service delivery, promotes digital transformation, and supports emerging applications such as autonomous systems, smart cities, and Industry 4.0. The integration model provides a blueprint for building resilient, adaptive, and future-ready telecommunication ecosystems.