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     2026:7/3

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation

ISSN (Online): 2582-7138 | Open Access

Literature Review on the Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Digital Population Identity (IKD) in Indonesia's Demographic Statistics System

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Volume: 7 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 724-730

Subject: Social Studies

Country: Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMRGE.2026.7.1.724-730

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Abstract

This literature study examines the development, challenges, and opportunities of implementing Indonesia’s Digital Population Identity (in Indonesian: Identitas Kependudukan Digital/IKD) and its potential contribution to strengthening the national demographic statistics system. Drawing on national and international publications, government reports, and empirical findings from regional case studies, the review highlights that IKD represents a significant step in modernizing population administration through real-time data updates, system integration, and improved accuracy of civil registration. However, implementation remains constrained by uneven digital infrastructure, low digital literacy, varying administrative capacity, and data security concerns. Comparative insights from Estonia, India, Singapore, and South Korea show that Indonesia faces challenges similar to global digital ID initiatives, particularly regarding interoperability, privacy protection, and governance. Despite these obstacles, the literature indicates substantial opportunities for IKD to enhance demographic statistics through improved accuracy of vital event recording, cross-agency data integration, and the development of big-data-driven demographic analysis. Strengthening infrastructure, capacity building, and inter-agency collaboration will be essential for maximizing the role of IKD in supporting a modern, efficient, and integrated demographic statistical system.

How to Cite This Article

Uswatun Miftahul Jannah, Maria Angelina Sarventa Melani Dawi, Riztha Ferryanthi Maulinda, Desak Putu Eka Nilakusmawati, Ratna Sari Widiastuti, Luh Putu Ida Harini, Komang Nonik Afsari Dewi (2026). Literature Review on the Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Digital Population Identity (IKD) in Indonesia's Demographic Statistics System . International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation (IJMRGE), 7(1), 724-730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMRGE.2026.7.1.724-730

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  1. 1. Basic Conceptsa. Population Registration Populationregistrationisanofficialrecordingsystemthatrecordsvitaleventssuchasbirths, deaths, marriages, divorces, andpopulationmovements. Thissystemisthemainfoundationforcompilingdemographicstatisticsanddevelopmentplanning. Accordingtothe United Nations, goodpopulationregistrationmustincludecompleteness, continuity, andaccuracyofrecordinginordertoproduceaccuratepopulationestimates. In Indonesia, thepopulationregistrationmechanismisregulatedby Law Number24of2013concerning Population Administration, whichemphasizestheimportanceofdatavalidityinthe Population Administration Information System(SIAK\. b. Digital Population Identity(IKD\Digital Population Identityisthelatestinnovationinpopulationadministrationthatallowsresidents'identitiestobestoreddigitallythroughamobileapplication. IKDisdirectlyconnectedtothecentralized SIAKnationaldatabase, sothatdataupdatescanbemadeinreal-timeandintegrated. Inadditiontobeinganidentityauthenticationtool, IKDhasgreatpotentialtobecomeasourceofdigitaldataforcompilingbigdata-baseddemographicstatistics. Theimplementationof IKDisinlinewiththegovernment'sdigitaltransformationstrategyin SPBE(Electronic-Based Government System\andtheutilizationofpopulationdataincross-agencypublicservices.
  2. 2. Previous Studies A. Digital Transformationof Population Administrationin Indonesia Severalstudieshighlightthedigitaltransformationcarriedoutby Dukcapil, includingtheimplementationofacentralized SIAK, modernizationofe-KTPservices, andpreparationfor IKDtoimprovedataintegrationandpublicserviceefficiency. Astudyin Tangerang Regency, Banten International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com726|Page Province, Indonesiashowsthatthedigitizationofpopulationadministrationcanaccelerateandfacilitateaccesstopublicservices, despitetechnicalandhumanresourceconstraints. Anevaluationoftheimplementationofthe IKDapplicationin Ternate Cityshowstheimportanceofleadershipandcommunityreadinessinadoptingthisnewtechnology. Inaddition, researchin Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesiafoundthatdigitizationthrough SIAKand IKDimprovesbureaucraticefficiency, butchallengesindigitalliteracyandinfrastructurestillneedtobeovercome. Atthee-governmentservicelevel, the Sobat Dukcapilprogramin Tangerangshowsatransformationinservicesthatimprovesthepublicexperienceinpopulationadministrationservices. Astudyin Acehalsoemphasizesthattheimplementationof IKDprovideseaseofaccess, despitefacingtechnicalchallengesinthefield. B. The Useof Big Dataand Digital Identityin Development Severalinternationalandnationalstudiesdiscusshowdigitalidentitycanbeasourceofbigdataforpopulationanalysis, populationmobility, andpolicyevaluation. Theuseofdigitalidentityenablestheavailabilityofmoreup-to-date, integrated, andsustainableadministrativedata, therebysupportingevidence-baseddevelopmentplanning[16,. Empiricalstudiesshowthatnationaldigitalidentitysystems, suchas Aadhaarin India, canimprovethequalityandreliabilityofadministrativedatausedindemographicanalysisandpublicpolicyformulation, especiallyindevelopingcountries[18,. Inaddition, theintegrationofdigitalidentity-basedadministrativedatawithofficialstatisticalsystemsalsohasthepotentialtostrengthenthequalityofdemographicstatisticsandtheefficiencyofnationalstatisticsproduction. However, studiesthatspecificallylink Digital Population Identity(IKD\in Indonesiawithitsuseindemographicstatisticsarestillrelativelylimited. C. Evaluationofthe IKDPilot Projectin Indonesia Severalinternalandacademicreportshavediscussedthe IKDpilotprojectinprovincessuchas Central Java, Bali, and East Kalimantan. Initialevaluationresultsshowthatthesuccessof IKDimplementationisgreatlyinfluencedbythereadinessofinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT\infrastructure, networkstability, andhumanresourcecapacityattheimplementationlevel, particularlypopulationserviceofficersintheprocessofactivatingandassistingthecommunity. Researchby Putriand Santosofoundthatvariationsinthelevelof IKDadoptionbetweenregionsweremainlyduetodifferencesinthedigitalreadinessandtechnologicalliteracyofthecommunity. Meanwhile, Rahmanetal. emphasizedthatinstitutionalcoordinationandregionalpolicysupportalsoplayanimportantroleinthesustainabilityofthe IKDpilotproject. Thesefindingsindicatethatalthoughthe IKDpilotprojecthasyieldedpositiveinitialresults, therearestillstructuralandoperationalchallengesthatneedtobefurtherevaluatedbeforenationwideimplementation.
  3. 3. Digital Identity Implementationin Various Countries A. Estoniae-IDand X-Road Platform Estoniaisoftenreferredtoasthecountrywiththemostadvanceddigitalidentityintheworld. Thee-IDsystemisusedforalmostallpublicservices, includinghealth, taxation, education, andnationalstatistics. Alldataflowsthroughthe X-Roadplatform, whichenablessecuredataexchangebetweengovernmentagencies. Theadvantagesofthe Estoniansystemareitsinteroperability, transparency, andveryhighlevelofencryption-basedsecurity. Itsrelevanceto Indonesiaistheneedtobuildanintegratedcross-agencydataarchitecturesothat IKDcanbeutilizedtoitsfullpotential B. India Aadhaar System Aadhaaristheworld'slargestdigitalidentitysystemwithoveronebillionusers. Thesystemusesbiometrics(iris, fingerprints, facialphotos\andgeneratesauniqueidentificationnumber(UID\foreachresident. Aadhaarhasbeenusedasthebasisforsocialassistanceprograms, publicserviceverification, and SIMcardregistration. Itsadvantagesarescalabilityandefficiency, whileitschallengesincludeprivacyanddatasecurityissues. Thiscomparisonisimportantbecause Indonesiahasalargepopulationandgeographicalcomplexitysimilarto India. C. Singapore Singpassand National Digital Identity(NDI\Singpassisanapplication-baseddigitalidentitysystemthatallowscitizenstoaccessmorethan2,000governmentandprivateservices. The Singaporeangovernmentdeveloped NDI(National Digital Identity\toexpandtheuseofdigitalidentityineconomictransactions, healthcare, andtheprivatesector. Thesuccessof Singpassliesinthehighlevelofdigitalliteracyamongthepopulationandtheequitabledistributionof ICTinfrastructure. Thiscomparisonshowstheimportanceofpublicreadinessinadopting IKDin Indonesia. D. South Korea Resident Registration System South Koreahashadadigital-basedresidentregistrationsystemintegratedwithpublicservicessince
  4. 1968. Thegovernmentusesthe Resident Registration Number(RRN\asauniqueidentifierforvariouspurposes, includingpopulationstatistics, healthservices, andtaxadministration. Digitaltransformationiscarriedoutthroughthe Digital Government Act, whichencouragesdataconnectivitybetweenministries. The South Koreanmodelemphasizestheimportanceofdataconsistencyandprivacyprotectioninnationaldigitalidentity. Resultsand Discussion
  5. 1. Implementationof Digital Identity(IKD\in Indonesia: Literature Review Theimplementationof Digital Identity(IKD\in Indonesiashowsquiteprogressivedevelopmentsineffortstomodernizenationalpopulationadministration. Afewstudiesattheregionalleveldescribethisprogress, althoughthelevelofadoptionisuneven. Researchby Syafitrietal. in Riau Province, Indonesia, revealsthatthereadinessofhumanresources(HR\amongofficialsisakeydeterminantofthesuccessfulimplementationof IKD. Officialswhoareproficientininformationtechnologyareabletomanagetheactivationprocesseffectively. Meanwhile, Asmaniahetal., throughastudyin Padang City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, emphasizedtheimportanceofdigitalgovernanceinensuringthesmoothrunningof IKD-basedadministrativeservices, includingsystemreliability, serviceconsistency, andintegrationwiththenationaldatabase. Findingsfromvariousregionsshowaconsistentpattern. Implementationin Nganjuk Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com727|Page Province, Indonesia, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia, and Kuningan Regency, West Java Province, Indonesiafacedlimitationsinnetworkinfrastructureandlowdigitalliteracyamongthecommunity. Thesechallengeshaveimplicationsfortheslowactivationof IKDintheseregions. Incontrast, researchby Zafira&Reviandaniin Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, and Humdiahin Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, showshigheradoptionratesthankstotechnologicalsupport, intensivesocialization, andmoreestablishedadministrativecapacity[34,. Overall, nationalliteraturereviewsshowthattheimplementationof IKDhasbeendynamic, butitssuccessrateishighlydependentonthereadinessofinfrastructureandhumanresourcecompetenciesintheregions. Theseconditionsneedtobeconsideredinanalyzingtheuseof IKDfordemographicstatistics.
  6. 2. Challengesin IKDImplementation: Nationaland International Perspectives Thissectiondiscussesthechallengesof IKDimplementationfromanationalandinternationalperspectivebasedonthelatestliteraturereview. A. Challengesof Implementation Basedon National Studies Literaturereviewsin Indonesiaidentifyseveralkeychallengesin IKDimplementation, namely:
  7. 1. Limitationsof Digital Infrastructure: Regionsthatstillexperiencelimitedinternetaccess, particularly3T(underdeveloped, frontier, andoutermost\areas, facedifficultiesinactivatingandutilizing Digital Identity(IKD\optimally. Thisconditionisreflectedinstudiesin Nganjuk Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, and Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, whichshowthatlimitationsintelecommunicationsinfrastructureanddigitalconnectivityaremajorobstaclestotheimplementationof IKDattheregionallevel
  8. 2. Low Digital Literacy Amongthe Community: Severalstudiesindicatethatpublicunderstandingofthefunctionsofthe IKDremainslimited. Thelackofdigitalliteracyhinderspublicacceptanceandparticipation[28,.
  9. 3. Data Securityand Privacy Risks: Theincreaseinfraudcasesexploiting Digital Identity(IKD\highlightstheneedtostrengthendatasecurityandpersonalinformationprotection.
  10. 4. Limitationsin Civil Servant Competence: Variationsinthetechnologicalcompetenceofofficialsbetweenregionshaveadirectimpactonthequalityof Digital Identity(IKD\services, particularlyintheprocessofdataactivationandupdating. Severalstudiesshowthatregionswithlowhumanresourcereadinesstendtoexperienceobstaclesintheimplementationof IKD, asfoundinstudiesin Riau Provinceand Padang City[28,. B. Challengesfroman International Perspective Internationalresearchresultsprovideabroadercontextfornationalchallenges. Studiesoncentralizeddigitalidentitysystemshighlightthehighsecurityrisksifthesystemisnotequippedwithadequatemulti-layeredprotectionfeaturesandencryptionmechanisms. Thisisanimportantconcerngiventhat IKDisdirectlyconnectedtothenationaldatabase. Researchby Gonzales, Roberts, and Leighon Unpackingdevelopingcountriesoftenfaceproblemssuchaslowdigitalinclusiveness, weakdatagovernance, andsuboptimalintegrationbetweeninstitutions. Thesefindingsarerelevantto Indonesia, whichisstillintheprocessofharmonizingsystemsbetweenthe Populationand Civil Registration Agency, the Central Statistics Agency, the Ministryof Communicationand Information Technology, andtheprivatesector. Inaddition, thestudy Digital Identitiesand Verifiable Credentialsemphasizesthatstrongauthenticationmechanisms, suchasverifiablecredentialsandmulti-levelauthentication, areimportantinreducingtheriskofdigitalidentitytheft. Thus, thechallengesfacedby Indonesiaareinlinewithglobalexperiences, particularlyintermsofsecurity, datagovernance, andequitableaccesstotechnology.
  11. 3. Opportunitiesfor IKDin Strengthening Indonesia's Demographic Statistics System Afteridentifyingnationalandglobalchallenges, thenextdiscussionfocusesontheopportunitiesforimplementing Digital Identity(IKD\tostrengthenthedemographicstatisticssystem. Despitefacinganumberofchallenges, nationalandinternationalliteratureshowsthat IKDoffersgreatopportunitiesforthedevelopmentof Indonesiandemographicstatistics. A. Real-Time Data Accessand High Accuracy Digitalidentitysystemsenablereal-timeupdatesofpopulationdata. Thiscanreducethetimelagbetweendemographiceventsandtheirrecording, therebyimprovingtheaccuracyofdemographicstatistics. Internationalstudiesshowthatcountriesthatimplementdigitalidentitysystemsareabletosignificantlyimprovetheefficiencyandaccuracyofpopulationdatacollection[39,. Inthe Indonesiancontext, theuseof IKDhasthepotentialtoacceleratetheupdatingofpopulationdata, whichhasbeenfacingdelaysinrecording. B. Cross-Systemand Institutional Integration Internationalliterature, suchas Building Digital Identity Systems: ASystematic Review, showsthatdigitalidentitycanserveasthemainlinkbetweendataacrossgovernmentagenciesthroughsingleidentity-basedintegration. In Indonesia, thepotentialforintegrationbetween IKDandthe Central Statistics Agency(BPS\, BPJS, the Ministryof Communicationand Information Technology, andtheprivatesectorcanstrengthentheconsistencyandvalidityofpopulationdataacrosssectors. C. Efficiencyof Administrative Servicesand Reductionof Data Errors Empiricalstudiesinthecitiesof Bukittinggiand Surabayashowthattheuseof IKDcanacceleratetheidentityverificationprocess, reducedataduplication, andminimizeadministrativeerrorsinpopulationadministration[34,. Thisadministrativeserviceefficiencyhasadirectimplicationonimprovingthequalityofpopulationstatisticsrecording, especiallyinmanagingbasicdemographicdata. D. Foundationfor Big Dataand Modern Demographic Analysis Globaldigitalidentitytechnologystudiesconfirmthatdigital International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com728|Page IDsystemscanbethemainfoundationforthedevelopmentofpopulationbigdataandmoderndemographicanalysis[38,. Withtheintegrationof IKD, Indonesiahasthepotentialtodeveloppredictiveanalysisonpopulationdynamics, internalmigration, productiveagestructure, andprojectionsofpublicserviceneedsbasedonmoreaccurateandup-to-datedata. Inadditiontotheseopportunities, IKDhasastrategicroleinstrengtheningtherecordingofbirthsanddeaths, whichhasbeenaweakpointin Indonesia'svitalstatisticssystem. Throughtheintegrationofdigitalidentitybasedonthe Population Registration Number(NIK\, healthfacilitiescanreportbirthsanddeathsdigitally, whicharedirectlyconnectedtothe Dukcapildatabase. Thismechanismhasthepotentialtoacceleratetheissuanceofcertificatesandupdatestoresidencystatus, whilereducingrecordingerrorsduetomanualprocesses. Effortstostrengthencivilregistrationandvitalstatistics(CRVS\through IKDareinlinewiththerecommendationsofthe United Nations Statistical Division(UNSD\regardingtheimportanceofauniversal, accurate, andtimelyvitalregistrationsystem. Improvingthequalityof CRVScontributesdirectlytotheachievementof Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs\indicators, particularly Goal16.9onlegalidentityforalland Goal17.18onincreasingthecapacityofcountriestoproducehigh-qualitydata. Thus, IKDnotonlyfunctionsasanadministrativeinstrument, butalsoasasystemicfoundationforthetransformationof Indonesia'sdemographicstatisticstowardsamoremodern, integratedsystemthatisresponsivetonationaldevelopmentplanningneeds.
  12. 4. Comparisonof Nationaland International Literature Thefollowingtablesummarizesthedifferencesinperspectivesbetweennationalandinternationalliteratureondigitalidentity: Table1: differencesinperspectivesbetweennationalandinternationalliteratureondigitalidentity Aspects National Literature International Literature Main Focus Implementationof IKDattheregionallevel, humanresourcereadiness, socialization, infrastructure Globaldigital IDmodel, systemarchitecture, dataprivacyandsecurity Research Approach Casestudies, descriptiveanalysis Comparativesurveys, technicalstudies, systematicreviews Key Challenges Internetnetworks, digitalliteracy, humanresourcelimitations Dataprivacy, interoperability, riskofdataleakage. Key Opportunities Publicserviceefficiency, administrativeacceleration Bigdataintegration, verifiablecredentials, multi-factorauthentication Relevanceto Demographic Statistics Improvedaccuracyofpopulationregistration Provisionofreal-timepopulationdataformoderndemographicanalysis Discussion Thefindingsinthisstudyindicatethattheimplementationof IKDin Indonesiaisstillinatransitionalphasebetweenaconventionalpopulationadministrationsystemandanintegrateddigitalidentitysystem. Theresultsofthenationalliteraturereviewshowthattherearedisparitiesinthelevelofadoptionbetweenregions, whichareinfluencedbyfactorssuchasdigitalinfrastructure, humanresourcecapacity, andthelevelofdigitalliteracyofthecommunity. Thisconditionindicatesthatdigitaltransformationinpopulationadministrationisnotonlytechnicalinnaturebutisalsogreatlyinfluencedbysocialandinstitutionalreadinessatthelocallevel. Whencomparedtointernationalliterature, thechallengesfacedby Indonesiashowapatternsimilartootherdevelopingcountries. Issuesofdatasecurity, privacyprotection, digitalinclusiveness, andsysteminteroperabilityareuniversalchallengesintheimplementationofnationaldigitalidentity. However, internationalliteraturealsoemphasizesthatcountriesthathavesuccessfullyovercomeinitialchallengesthroughstrengtheningregulations, datagovernance, andcross-agencyintegrationareabletoutilizedigital IDasstrategicinfrastructureforstatisticalsystemsanddevelopmentplanning. Thisreinforcestheargumentthatthechallengesofimplementing IKDin Indonesiaarenotpermanentstructuralobstacles, butratherpartofatransformationprocessthatcanbemanagedgradually. Fromademographicstatisticsperspective, theresultsofthestudyshowthat IKDhassignificantpotentialtoimprovethequalityofpopulationdata, particularlythroughincreasedaccuracy, timeliness, andconsistencyofdata. Theintegrationof IKDwiththecivilregistrationandvitalstatistics(CRVS\systemhasthepotentialtoreduceunderreportingofvitaleventssuchasbirthsanddeaths, whichhasbeenaweaknessof Indonesia'sdemographicstatisticssystem. Withadigitalidentity-basedrecordingmechanism, theprocessofupdatingdemographicdatacanbecarriedoutmoreefficientlyandinastandardizedmanner, therebysupportingtheprovisionofmorereliablestatisticsforpopulationanalysis. Furthermore, thisdiscussionemphasizesthat IKDnotonlyfunctionsasapopulationadministrationtool, butalsoasafoundationforthedevelopmentofamoderndemographicdataecosystem. Theuseof IKDasabasicdatasourceopensupopportunitiesforbigdataintegration, predictiveanalysis, andthecompilationofdemographicstatisticsthataremoreresponsivetosocialandeconomicdynamics. Thus, strengtheningtheimplementationof IKDhasstrategicimplicationsforachievingnationaldevelopmentgoalsandmeetinginternationalstandards, including Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs\indicatorsrelatedtolegalidentityandtheavailabilityofqualitydata. Conclusionand Recommendations
  13. 1. Conclusion Basedontheresultsoftheliteraturereview, theimplementationof Digital Population Identity(IKD\in Indonesiashowssignificantprogressaspartofthetransformationofpopulationadministration. IKDhasgreatpotentialinsupportingthestrengtheningofthedemographicstatisticssystem, particularlythroughreal-timedataupdates, improvedaccuracyinrecordingvitalevents, anddataintegrationacrosssystemsandinstitutions. Variouschallengesstillneedtobeovercomeinordertooptimizetheuseof IKD. Thesechallengesincludelimited International Journalof Multidisciplinary Researchand Growth Evaluationwww. allmultidisciplinaryjournal. com729|Pagedigitalinfrastructureinanumberofregions, particularlyin3 Tareas; lowdigitalliteracyamongthepopulation; variationsinthecompetenceofcivilservants; anddatasecurityandprivacyissuesthatrequirethestrengtheningofnationaldigitalidentitygovernance. Internationalfindingsshowthatthechallengesfacedby Indonesiaareinlinewithglobalissuesrelatedtointeroperability, dataprivacy, andthegovernanceofcentralizeddigital IDsystems. Nevertheless, thisstudyconfirmsthatthereareenormousopportunitiesforutilizing IKDasthefoundationofademographicstatisticssystem. Theintegrationof IKDwithpublicservicesystemsandstatisticalagencieshasthepotentialtoimprovethequalityofcivilregistrationandvitalstatistics(CRVS\, supportbigdata-baseddemographicanalysis, andacceleratetheprovisionofcomprehensive, accurate, andtimelypopulationdata. Withstrengthenedpoliciesandcross-institutionalcollaboration, IKDcanbecomeakeypillarofnationaldemographicstatisticsmodernization.
  14. 2. Recommendations Strengtheningtheimplementationof Digital Identity(IKD\requiresthesupportofequitableinformationandcommunicationtechnologyinfrastructure, especiallyinareaswithlimitedconnectivity. Inaddition, improvingthedigitalliteracyofthecommunityisanimportantfactorinencouragingtheoptimalacceptanceandutilizationof IKD. Theseeffortsneedtobesupportedbyincreasingthecapacityoftheapparatusthroughcontinuoustechnicaltraining, includingunderstandingrelatedtopopulationdatamanagementanddigitalsystemsecurity, sothat IKD-basedadministrativeservicescanrunmoreeffectivelyandprofessionally. Ontheotherhand, datasecurityandprivacyprotectionmustbeaprimaryconcernin IKDdevelopment, throughtheimplementationofmulti-layeredauthenticationsystems, dataencryption, andthestrengtheningofnationaldigitalidentitygovernance. Cross-agencycollaboration, especiallybetween Dukcapil, BPS, Kemenkominfo, andotherrelevantinstitutions, needstobecontinuouslystrengthenedtoensuredatainteroperabilityandconsistency. Theintegrationof IKDwiththe Civil Registrationand Vital Statistics(CRVS\systemalsoneedstobeacceleratedsothatvitaleventscanberecordedinreal-timeandsupporttheprovisionofaccurate, up-to-date, andrelevantdemographicstatisticsfornationaldevelopmentplanning. References
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Journal: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation (IJMRGE)

Publisher: Anfo Publication House

ISSN: 2582-7138 (Online)

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Language: English

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