Continuous improvement of safety performance in high-risk, project-based organizations requires more than ad hoc interventions; it necessitates the systematic integration of organizational learning into safety management. This study proposes an organizational learning-based conceptual maturity model for continuous safety performance improvement, designed to guide project-based organizations in advancing from reactive, isolated safety practices toward proactive, sustainable safety cultures. The model integrates the principles of organizational learning, behavioral safety, and project governance, providing a staged pathway for achieving progressively higher levels of safety maturity. It identifies five maturity levels initial, managed, defined, quantitatively managed, and optimizing each reflecting the extent to which learning mechanisms, leadership engagement, safety culture, and technological tools are embedded into organizational processes. Core dimensions of the model include knowledge capture, dissemination, and application; leadership and governance; culture and climate; competency and training systems; and digital monitoring and feedback tools. Moderating and mediating variables, such as team collaboration, cross-project knowledge sharing, and real-time analytics, influence the effectiveness of learning and improvement at each stage. The framework emphasizes the codification of lessons learned into organizational standards, the integration of safety into project lifecycle processes, and continuous improvement loops to ensure that insights gained from incidents, near-misses, and operational experience are systematically applied. By linking organizational learning to measurable safety outcomes, the model offers both a theoretical and practical framework for enhancing safety performance, reducing incident recurrence, and fostering resilience in complex project environments. Future research can empirically validate the model across industries and explore longitudinal impacts on safety culture, risk reduction, and project performance. The proposed framework provides actionable guidance for managers, safety professionals, and policymakers seeking to institutionalize continuous safety improvement and embed life-preserving practices as a core organizational capability.