Abstract

This study examines the potential risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in developing countries, with Bangladesh considered as a key case study. The research adopts a desk-based qualitative approach and is based on secondary data collected from government reports, publications of international organizations, and reliable online sources covering the period from 2017 to 2026. Content analysis and thematic analysis were employed to evaluate AI-related risks within the social, economic, and institutional realities of Bangladesh. The study analyzes issues such as the quality of education, gaps in technological skills, employment structure, the digital divide, weak governance, and social inequality, and categorizes them into six major themes: the spread of misinformation, health and safety risks, the impact of AI on the workplace, urban–rural digital disparities, and risks in the education sector. The findings indicate that AI-driven automation is reducing employment in labor-intensive sectors and increasing income inequality, particularly among low-skilled and marginalized populations. At the same time, weak policy frameworks, limited technological infrastructure, and shortages of skilled human resources hinder the fair and effective implementation of AI in developing countries like Bangladesh. The study concludes that the potential risks associated with AI can be significantly mitigated through strong and inclusive policy frameworks, improved infrastructure, enhanced technological literacy, and the development of skilled human capital.