The study aims to assess the impact of climate change on agricultural production and at the same time mentions some policies towards sustainable agricultural development in the context of climate change in Vietnam. The results show that climate change is reducing agricultural inputs, especially water resources, land, crop productivity and aquatic resources. Unusual fluctuations in rainfall and water flow, together with water extraction from upstream, increase drought, saltwater intrusion and land degradation. Sea level rise poses serious risks to the Mekong Delta, where up to 40% of the area may be flooded, leading to a sharp decline in agricultural productivity. Vietnam has implemented many policies to promote sustainable agriculture and climate change adaptation, including the Green Growth Strategy, Law on environmental protection no. 72/2020/QH14, the Agricultural Restructuring Plan 2021–2025 and the COP26 Commitment Implementation Plan with the target of reducing agricultural emissions by 43% by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050. The Vietnamese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has issued sectoral adaptation and green growth plans. Localities have proactively developed climate response programs. Projects such as smart agriculture, biogas, REDD+ and PFES contribute to reducing emissions, protecting forests and developing low-carbon agriculture.