The healthcare of a nation is intrinsically linked to its national security due to its significant connection to the overall well-being of the population. A robust healthcare workforce is crucial for national security; conversely, shortage of healthcare workforce harms the overall well-being of the population and undermines national security. This study explores the disparities in healthcare workforce distribution between Northern and Southern Nigeria and assesses the implications for national security using secondary data from Federal Ministry of Health (FHOH) and World Health Organization (WHO). Also, the study is anchored on seven complementary theoretical perspectives, namely: Human Capital Theory, Health System Strengthening Theory, Structural Inequality Theory, Human Security Theory, Non-Traditional (Expanded) National Security Theory, Political Economy of Health Theory, and State Capacity Theory, which further analyze the unequal healthcare workforce between Northern and Southern Nigeria with its attendance implications. Findings reveal disparities in healthcare workforce distribution as 72.3% of doctors and 67.4% of nurses are concentrated in Southern Nigeria, leaving the North with only 27.7% and 32.6% respectively. In conclusion, the research highlights uneven allocation of medical professionals across regions as Southern Nigeria enjoys a higher concentration of healthcare workers compared to the North, where acute shortages persist. These disparities have consequences for health equity, socioeconomic development, and security stability. The study recommends equitable redistribution of the workforce, policy reforms, and capacity building to address regional imbalances and enhance national security.