This research deals with the principle of criminal justice and the legal responsibility of intelligent robots, focusing on the legal challenges posed by artificial intelligence in Iraq. The study found that intelligent robots, even though they can learn and make decisions on their own, do not have the legal will or discernment required for criminal liability. Therefore, responsibility falls on the humans who design, program, or operate the robots, and in some cases, shared responsibility between humans and machines can apply.
The study also discusses recent proposals for introducing an “electronic personality” for robots, giving them limited obligations and financial responsibilities while keeping human oversight. It stresses that any legal amendment must respect the fundamental principles of criminal justice: legality, equality, personal responsibility, and proportionality of punishment.
Finally, the research provides legislative recommendations to regulate the use of intelligent robots in Iraq, including registration systems, safety standards, mandatory insurance for designers and programmers, and user training programs. The ultimate goal is to balance technological advancement with the protection of criminal justice and human rights.