Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms of viral entry and fusion is crucial for developing effective antiviral inhibitors. This review paper examines the intricate processes involved in viral entry and fusion, highlighting the roles of fusion proteins, host cell factors, and the sequential stages of membrane fusion. It discusses the main challenges in developing inhibitors, including resistance, specificity, and delivery issues, and explores emerging technologies and approaches that could enhance inhibitor development. The potential for broad-spectrum inhibitors and future research directions are also evaluated. Advancements in computational tools, structural biology, and drug delivery systems are pivotal in overcoming these challenges and improving antiviral strategies.